权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Characterizing climate-resilient landscapes

描述气候适应性景观的特征

基本信息

批准号：
1655898
负责人：
Jenny McGuire
金额：
$ 36.83万
依托单位：
Georgia Tech Research Corporation
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-05-01 至 2022-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655898&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Characterizing climate resilient landscapes

项目摘要

Prior to the arrival of humans to North America, relatively few species went extinct despite dramatic extremes of climate and environmental changes that occurred during hundreds of thousands of years of glacial and interglacial cycles. An important reason few plants and animals disappeared is that they may have been able to move into climate refugia. Climate refugia are hospitable areas that are resilient to changing environmental conditions over long periods of time. Resilient areas have continued to maintain plant and animal diversity for thousands of years and have the potential to do so into the future. This study uses the fossil pollen record of North America plant species to understand the factors that promoted the existence of climate refugia during glacial periods. This study will also examine how long these refugia lasted and how important they were for the survival of plants. Identifying regions that may be important for preserving species and understanding their importance during changing environmental conditions will inform conservation decisions. This project will train a postdoctoral researcher and provide research experiences for undergraduate students in the areas of paleoecology, landscape ecology, and conservation biology. The researchers will also include the public and conservation practitioners in presentations and activities that stress the role of resilience in the preservation of biodiversity.Resilience, a measure of the amount of disturbance that an ecosystem can undergo without switching states, is a fundamental ecological concept that determines species stability, community composition, and biogeographic changes over time. Several hypotheses exist concerning what climate and landscape determinants make a region more resilient to changing climatic conditions, including relatively low rates of 1) changing conditions and 2) climate velocity, and high 3) climate and 4) landscape diversity. However these hypothesized determinants of resilience lack support because relatively short ecological time periods are insufficient to identify areas that are climate resilient. An important strategy for identifying and understanding currently resilient areas is to test hypothesized determinants of resilience against areas that have been independently identified as resilient in the fossil record. To accomplish this, this project will test the determinants of resilience against two historical datasets: 1) the North American fossil pollen record for the last 10,000 years, which provides long-term record of change in plant community compositions, and 2) identified Pleistocene refugia. The use of the fossil record has the potential to transform our understanding of how landscape, climate, and ecosystem dynamics interact to create resilient areas and will potentially validate the mechanisms behind these causal hypotheses.

在人类到达北美之前，尽管在数十万年的冰期和间冰期周期中发生了极端的气候和环境变化，但相对较少的物种灭绝。很少有动植物消失的一个重要原因是，它们可能已经能够进入气候避难所。气候避难所是在很长一段时间内能够适应不断变化的环境条件的好客地区。具有复原力的地区几千年来一直保持着动植物多样性，并有潜力在未来继续保持这种多样性。本研究利用北美植物物种的化石花粉记录来了解促进冰期气候避难所存在的因素。这项研究还将研究这些避难所持续了多久，以及它们对植物生存的重要性。确定可能对保护物种重要的区域，并了解它们在不断变化的环境条件下的重要性，将为保护决策提供信息。本计画将培养一位博士后研究员，并提供本科生在古生态学、景观生态学及保育生物学领域的研究经验。研究人员还将包括公众和保护实践者在演示和活动中强调恢复力在保护生物多样性中的作用。恢复力是一种衡量生态系统在不切换状态的情况下可以承受的干扰量的指标，是一个基本的生态概念，决定了物种的稳定性，群落组成和随时间推移的地理变化。关于什么样的气候和景观决定因素使一个地区对不断变化的气候条件更具弹性，存在几种假设，包括相对较低的1）变化条件和2）气候速度，以及高3）气候和4）景观多样性。然而，这些假设的复原力决定因素缺乏支持，因为相对较短的生态时间不足以确定具有气候复原力的地区。识别和理解目前具有复原力的地区的一个重要战略是，对化石记录中已被独立确定为具有复原力的地区进行假设的复原力决定因素的测试。为了实现这一目标，该项目将根据两个历史数据集测试弹性的决定因素：1）过去10，000年的北美化石花粉记录，提供了植物群落组成变化的长期记录，以及2）已确定的更新世避难所。化石记录的使用有可能改变我们对景观，气候和生态系统动态如何相互作用以创造弹性区域的理解，并可能验证这些因果假设背后的机制。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Bayesian ages for pollen records since the last glaciation in North America

DOI：
10.1038/s41597-019-0182-7
发表时间：
2019-09-24
期刊：
SCIENTIFIC DATA
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Wang, Yue;Goring, Simon J.;McGuire, Jenny L.
通讯作者：
McGuire, Jenny L.

Plant biomes demonstrate that landscape resilience today is the lowest it has been since end‐Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions

植物生物群落表明，今天的景观恢复力是自更新世末巨型动物灭绝以来的最低水平

DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15299
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Global Change Biology
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Wang, Yue;Shipley, Benjamin R.;Lauer, Daniel A.;Pineau, Rozenn M.;McGuire, Jenny L.
通讯作者：
McGuire, Jenny L.

Mammal species occupy different climates following the expansion of human impacts

随着人类影响的扩大，哺乳动物物种占据不同的气候

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1922859118
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
Pineda-Munoz, Silvia;Wang, Yue;Lyons, S. Kathleen;Tóth, Anikó B.;McGuire, Jenny L.
通讯作者：
McGuire, Jenny L.

Dynamic priorities for conserving species

保护物种的动态优先事项

DOI：
10.1126/science.abq0788
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Science
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
McGuire, Jenny L.;Shipley, Benjamin R.
通讯作者：
Shipley, Benjamin R.

Review of ESA SYMP 7: A Dynamic Perspective on Ecosystem Restoration–Establishing Temporal Connectivity at the Intersection Between Paleoecology and Restoration Ecology

ESA SYMP 7 回顾：生态系统恢复的动态视角——在古生态学和恢复生态学的交叉点建立时间连通性

DOI：
10.1002/bes2.1954
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
影响因子：
0
作者：
Reid, Rachel E. B.;McGuire, Jenny L.;Svenning, Jens‐Christian;Wingard, G. Lynn;Moreno‐Mateos, David
通讯作者：
Moreno‐Mateos, David