IRES: Interdisciplinary student research on urban resilience in Latin America

非技术摘要：生活在世界所有地区城市的人们都在经历洪水和热浪等极端事件的增加。城市决策者需要帮助，以科学理解为基础，制定应对这一挑战的方法。这项国际学生研究体验(IRES)奖助金与城市极端适应能力(UREX)可持续发展研究网络(SRN)有关。这笔赠款将每年资助三名研究生和一名本科生在智利瓦尔迪瓦(2017年)、墨西哥埃尔莫西洛(2018年)和多米尼加共和国圣多明各(2019年)工作十周。共有9名Urex IRES研究生将在三年内接受培训，拓宽他们在合作、跨学科研究方法和指导方面的技能。他们将认识到拉丁美洲城市的独特挑战，同时受益于参与决策者直接使用的研究的机会，并接受与当地决策者和社区进行研讨会便利化方面的培训和经验。三名Urex IRES本科生还将在国外获得研究经验，不仅通过开展自己的研究项目，而且通过与进行研究的研究生密切合作来了解科学过程，并获得研究设计、数据分析和管理以及演示方面的技能。这一经历将帮助所有这些学生学会在不同的社会和政治文化中工作，以便他们可能更有效。参加这个项目的学生将通过阅读小组、博客和社交媒体，以及在2020年由Urex研究员组织的顶峰研讨会上，与Urex项目中的其他人分享他们的经验。技术描述：城市非常容易受到极端天气相关事件的影响，因为它们位于海岸线和旱地。随着城市化继续成为世界人口的主要趋势，越来越多的人口面临危险。对拉丁美洲城市的研究很少，因为由于文化、政治或生物物理方面的差异，拉美城市在面对此类事件时增强其韧性的策略可能与美国城市不同。Urex SRN是一个由科学家和当地从业者(包括拉丁美洲城市)组成的多城市网络，研究、设想和开发创新的解决方案，以应对这些极端事件的挑战。与Urex SRN相联系，Urex IRES项目将培训学生跨文化和学科工作，并与当地决策者合作。主办机构的导师是Urex SRN的合作者，并在这些城市开展城市复原力研究。Urex IRES将为9名Urex研究员提供机会，将他们的论文研究扩展到这些拉美城市，使项目能够用于比较美国和拉美城市之间的弹性解决方案。三名Urex IRES本科生将被选中与研究生密切合作，在东道主导师的指导下从事研究项目。学生的创造力被强调：作为Urex SRN的一部分，他们将拥有关于拉丁美洲城市的跨学科研究和培训的经验，并将撰写一份简短的研究计划书，解释他们的IRES项目将如何与他们的论文研究相结合，并为主办城市的整体知识到行动的努力做出贡献。Urex IRES研究员将与实践者和东道主导师一起进行跨学科研究，以促进对城市地区特征的基本科学理解，特别是基础设施，这将导致未来更具弹性和最终可持续的城市。

Non-technical abstract: People living in cities in all regions of the world are experiencing increases in extreme events like floods and heat waves. Urban decision makers need help to develop ways to meet this challenge that are based in scientific understanding. This International Research Experience for Students (IRES) grant is linked to the Urban Resilience to Extremes (UREx) Sustainability Research Network (SRN). The grant will support three graduate students and one undergraduate student each year for ten weeks work in Valdivia, Chile (2017); Hermosillo, Mexico (2018); and in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (2019). A total of nine UREx IRES graduate students will be trained over three years, broadening their skills in collaboration, transdisciplinary research methods, and in mentoring. They will gain appreciation for the unique challenges of Latin American cities, while benefiting from the opportunity to participate in research that is directly used by decision makers, and receive training and experience in workshop facilitation with local decision-makers and communities. Three UREx IRES undergraduate students will also gain research experience in a foreign country, learn about the process of science through not only conducting their own research project but working closely with graduate students conducting research, and gain skills in research design, data analysis and management, and presentation. This experience will help all of these students learn to work across diverse social and political cultures so that they might be more effective. The students who participate in this program will share their experiences with others in the UREx program through a reading group, blogs, and social media and at a capstone symposium to be organized in 2020 by UREx fellows.Technical description: Cities are highly vulnerable to extreme, weather-related events, given their location along coastlines and in drylands. As urbanization continues as the main demographic trend worldwide, an ever-greater proportion of the population is exposed to hazard. Little research has been done on Latin American cities, where strategies to enhance their resilience in the face of such events may differ from US cities owing to cultural, political, or biophysical differences. The UREx SRN is a multi-city network of scientists and local practitioners, including Latin American cities, which studies, envisions, and develops innovative solutions to the challenges of these extreme events. Linked to the UREx SRN, the UREx IRES program will train students in working across cultures and disciplines and with local decision-makers. Mentors at the host institutions are collaborators in the UREx SRN and are conducting urban resilience research in these cities. The UREx IRES will afford opportunities for nine UREx fellows to expand their dissertation research into these Latin American cities, enabling projects that can be used to compare resilient solutions between US and Latin American cities. Three UREx IRES undergraduates will be selected to work on research projects in close collaboration with the graduate students, supervised by host mentors. The students' creativity is emphasized: as part of the UREx SRN they will have had experience with interdisciplinary research, training on Latin American cities, and will write a short research proposal that explains how their IRES project will integrate with their dissertation research and contribute to the overall knowledge-to-action efforts in the host city. UREx IRES fellows will be conducting transdisciplinary research with practitioners and host mentors that will advance basic scientific understanding of the characteristics of urban areas in general and infrastructure in particular that will lead to more resilient, and ultimately sustainable, cities in the future.