Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences (COMPRES): National Facilities and Infrastructure Development for High-Pressure Geosciences Research

COMPRES是一个以社区为基础的国家联合体，其使命是支持构成地球和其他行星体内部的材料性质的研究，特别强调高压科学和技术及相关领域。它负责监督和指导几个国家同步加速器设施的专门实验室。COMPRES实验室科学家确定了难以接近的地球的基本物质特性，这些测量结果反过来又揭示了直接社会影响的问题，如地震和火山喷发的原因。它们还可以帮助解释地球内自然资源的形成，它们可以通过发现新的先进材料来改善我们的生活质量。作为其使命的一部分，COMPRES不断开发新的基础设施和技术来推动美国的地球科学研究。在COMPRES支持的设施中进行的矿物物理测量数据对于解释地震和火山现象以及地球内部运行的其他地球物理过程至关重要。基于同步加速器的技术在测量高压和高温下地质材料特性的实验工作中发挥着越来越大的作用。COMPRES处于完美的地位，可以利用新一代同步加速器，这些同步加速器为未来十年和以后提供了巨大的希望。例如，我们的光束线设施XPD和FIS将驻扎在布鲁克海文国家实验室-S国家同步辐射光源-II(NSLS-II)，这是一个最近完工的耗资9亿美元的设施，产生的X射线比其前身NSLS亮度高10,000倍，同时提供更高的空间和能量分辨率以及世界领先的同步辐射红外(IR)辐射源。COMPRES还支持高级光子源(APS)阿贡国家实验室、高级光源(ALS)劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室的钻石砧座单元(DAC)光束线，以及亚利桑那州立大学的多砧座压力机项目。新的或升级的同步加速器加上X射线光学和探测器的改进，将导致高压测量的巨大进步。因此，新的为期5年的合作协议所跨越的即将到来的时期提供了令人兴奋的机会，因为这些同步加速器设施将极大地提高实验能力，并允许进行所需的新颖实验，以检验假说和解决关于行星深部内部性质的尚未回答的问题。由COMPRES支持的基础设施和设施开发同时正在创造新一代工具和技术，用于在实验室获得和测量深层内部环境。

COMPRES is a national, community-based consortium, with a mission to support research in the properties of materials that comprise the interiors of Earth and other planetary bodies, with particular emphasis on high-pressure science and technology and related fields. It is charged with the oversight and guidance of specialized laboratories at several national synchrotron facilities. COMPRES laboratory scientists determine the basic material properties of the inaccessible Earth and these measurements, in turn, shed light on questions of direct societal impact, such as the causes of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. They can also help explain the formation of natural resources within the Earth, and they can improve our quality of life through the discovery of new advanced materials. As part of its mission, COMPRES continually develops new infrastructure and technologies to advance U.S. geoscience research.Data from mineral physics measurements carried out at COMPRES-supported facilities are critical for interpreting seismological and volcanological phenomena as well as other geophysical processes operating in the Earths interior. Synchrotron-based techniques have played an ever-increasing role in experimental efforts to measure properties of geological materials at high pressures and temperatures. COMPRES is perfectly positioned to take advantage of the new generation of synchrotrons that offer great promise for the coming decade and beyond. For example, our beam line facilities XPD and FIS will be stationed at Brookhaven National Laboratory?s National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II), which is a recently completed, $900 million facility, that produces X-rays over 10,000 times brighter than its predecessor NSLS, while providing improved spatial and energy resolution as well as a world-leading synchrotron-infrared (IR) radiation source. COMPRES also supports diamond anvil cell (DAC) beam lines at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) Argonne National Laboratory, at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and a multi-anvil press project at Arizona State University. The new or upgraded synchrotrons augmented by improvements in x-ray optics and detectors will lead to dramatic advances in measurements at high pressure. Thus, the upcoming period, spanned by the new 5-year cooperative agreement, offers exciting opportunities as these synchrotron facilities will dramatically improve experimental capabilities and allow for novel experiments needed to test hypotheses and address yet-unanswered questions on the nature of deep planetary interiors. Infrastructure and facility developments supported by COMPRES are at the same time creating a new generation of tools and techniques for attaining and measuring the deep interior environment in the laboratory.