Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences (COMPRES): National Facilities and Infrastructure Development for High-Pressure Geosciences Research

COMPRES 是一个以社区为基础的全国性联盟，其使命是支持对构成地球和其他行星体内部的材料特性的研究，特别强调高压科学技术及相关领域。它负责监督和指导几个国家同步加速器设施的专业实验室。 COMPRES 实验室的科学家确定了难以到达的地球的基本物质特性，而这些测量反过来又揭示了直接社会影响的问题，例如地震和火山爆发的原因。它们还可以帮助解释地球内自然资源的形成，并且可以通过发现新的先进材料来提高我们的生活质量。 作为其使命的一部分，COMRES 不断开发新的基础设施和技术，以推进美国地球科学研究。在 COMPRES 支持的设施中进行的矿物物理测量数据对于解释地震和火山现象以及地球内部运行的其他地球物理过程至关重要。 基于同步加速器的技术在测量高压和高温下地质材料特性的实验工作中发挥着越来越大的作用。 COMPRES 完全有能力利用新一代同步加速器，为未来十年及以后带来巨大的希望。例如，我们的光束线设施 XPD 和 FIS 将驻扎在布鲁克海文国家实验室的国家同步加速器光源-II (NSLS-II)，该设施最近竣工，耗资 9 亿美元，产生的 X 射线比其前身 NSLS 亮 10,000 倍以上，同时提供改进的空间和能量分辨率以及世界领先的同步加速器红外 (IR) 辐射源。 COMPRES 还支持先进光子源 (APS) 阿贡国家实验室、先进光源 (ALS) 劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室的金刚石砧座 (DAC) 光束线以及亚利桑那州立大学的多砧压机项目。新的或升级的同步加速器通过 X 射线光学器件和探测器的改进而增强，将导致高压测量方面的巨大进步。因此，新的五年合作协议所涵盖的即将到来的时期提供了令人兴奋的机会，因为这些同步加速器设施将极大地提高实验能力，并允许进行新的实验来检验假设并解决有关深部行星内部性质的尚未解答的问题。 COMPRES 支持的基础设施和设施开发同时创造了新一代工具和技术，用于在实验室中获取和测量深层内部环境。

COMPRES is a national, community-based consortium, with a mission to support research in the properties of materials that comprise the interiors of Earth and other planetary bodies, with particular emphasis on high-pressure science and technology and related fields. It is charged with the oversight and guidance of specialized laboratories at several national synchrotron facilities. COMPRES laboratory scientists determine the basic material properties of the inaccessible Earth and these measurements, in turn, shed light on questions of direct societal impact, such as the causes of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. They can also help explain the formation of natural resources within the Earth, and they can improve our quality of life through the discovery of new advanced materials. As part of its mission, COMPRES continually develops new infrastructure and technologies to advance U.S. geoscience research.Data from mineral physics measurements carried out at COMPRES-supported facilities are critical for interpreting seismological and volcanological phenomena as well as other geophysical processes operating in the Earths interior. Synchrotron-based techniques have played an ever-increasing role in experimental efforts to measure properties of geological materials at high pressures and temperatures. COMPRES is perfectly positioned to take advantage of the new generation of synchrotrons that offer great promise for the coming decade and beyond. For example, our beam line facilities XPD and FIS will be stationed at Brookhaven National Laboratory?s National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II), which is a recently completed, $900 million facility, that produces X-rays over 10,000 times brighter than its predecessor NSLS, while providing improved spatial and energy resolution as well as a world-leading synchrotron-infrared (IR) radiation source. COMPRES also supports diamond anvil cell (DAC) beam lines at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) Argonne National Laboratory, at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and a multi-anvil press project at Arizona State University. The new or upgraded synchrotrons augmented by improvements in x-ray optics and detectors will lead to dramatic advances in measurements at high pressure. Thus, the upcoming period, spanned by the new 5-year cooperative agreement, offers exciting opportunities as these synchrotron facilities will dramatically improve experimental capabilities and allow for novel experiments needed to test hypotheses and address yet-unanswered questions on the nature of deep planetary interiors. Infrastructure and facility developments supported by COMPRES are at the same time creating a new generation of tools and techniques for attaining and measuring the deep interior environment in the laboratory.