DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Asymmetric character displacement in evolutionary-novel Anolis lizards.

论文研究：进化小说安乐蜥蜴的不对称性格位移。

• 批准号: 1700505
• 负责人: Christopher Baraloto
• 金额: $ 1.61万
• 依托单位: Florida International University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1700505&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Asymmetric; character; displacement

This work will provide new understanding of how evolution can result in the coexistence of similar species that compete strongly for resources. When species compete for the same resource the weaker competitor can be eliminated from the community. Nonetheless, there are many communities that contain competing species. One hypothesis is that competing species diverge so as to reduce competition, a phenomenon known as character displacement. This work focuses on closely related lizard species that have been introduced to southern Florida. Their recent co-occurrence provides an opportunity to study how species respond to novel competition, and what traits in each species diverge as a result. Observed shifts in both ecology and morphology may ultimately contribute to their long-term coexistence. The result of this study will be a better understanding of the role of character displacement in the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. This project also creates a framework for teaching students and the public about the processes that enhance biodiversity. This framework will be implemented via an Ecology Club and an information webpage, as well as by engaging undergraduates in the research.Populations of two non-native Anolis lizards, that have had no prior evolutionary interactions, will be studied to quantify the progression of character displacement. These species, the Cuban brown anole (Anolis sagrei) and the Puerto Rican crested anole (A. cristatellus), are ecologically and morphologically similar. Throughout Miami FL, they exist in multiple spatially-independent communities that consist of either both species (sympatric populations) or only one species (allopatric populations). These communities are analogous to the early stages of adaptive radiation, whereby ecomorphologically similar species that have speciated in allopatry come into contact and adaptively diverge as a result of interspecific competition. The project will investigate the ecological relationship between these two species to test the following hypotheses: (H1) In the presence of each other, both species will experience a divergence in resource use to minimize interspecific interactions. This hypothesis will be tested through detailed analyses of the ecology and behavior of both species across multiple replicates of both allopatric and sympatric populations. (H2) Divergence in resource use leads to changes in the phenotype of both species ? this is the process of character displacement. This hypothesis will be tested by detailed phenotypic assessments of both species across the populations. (H3) Shifts in phenotypic traits are heritable. This hypothesis will be tested by measuring trait heritability with laboratory breeding experiments. Taken together this case study will provide a more detailed understanding of the role of competition in evolutionary divergence.

这项工作将提供新的理解进化如何导致类似物种的共存，强烈竞争资源。当物种竞争同一资源时，较弱的竞争者可能会被淘汰出群落。尽管如此，有许多社区包含竞争物种。一种假设是，竞争物种分化，以减少竞争，这种现象被称为字符位移。这项工作的重点是密切相关的蜥蜴物种已被介绍到南部佛罗里达。它们最近的共同出现提供了一个机会，研究物种如何应对新的竞争，以及每个物种的哪些特征因此而产生分歧。观察到的生态和形态的变化可能最终有助于它们的长期共存。这项研究的结果将是一个更好的理解的角色的性质位移的起源和维持的生物多样性。该项目还创建了一个框架，向学生和公众讲授增强生物多样性的过程。这个框架将通过生态俱乐部和信息网页，以及从事本科生在research.Populations的两个非本地的阿诺利斯蜥蜴，没有以前的进化相互作用，将进行研究，以量化的性格位移的进展。这些物种，古巴棕色变色龙（Anolis sagrei）和波多黎各冠变色龙（A。cristatellus），生态和形态相似。在整个佛罗里达州的迈阿密，它们存在于多个空间独立的社区，包括两个物种（同域种群）或只有一个物种（异地种群）。这些社区类似于适应性辐射的早期阶段，即生态形态相似的物种在异地形成接触和适应性分歧作为种间竞争的结果。该项目将调查这两个物种之间的生态关系，以测试以下假设：（H1）在彼此存在的情况下，两个物种将经历资源利用的分歧，以尽量减少种间的相互作用。这一假设将通过详细分析两个物种的生态和行为，在多个重复的异域和同域种群。(H2)资源利用的差异导致两个物种表型的变化？这就是角色置换的过程。将通过对整个种群中两个种属的详细表型评估来检验这一假设。(H3)表型性状的变化是可遗传的。这一假设将通过实验室育种实验测量性状遗传力来检验。总之，这个案例研究将提供一个更详细的了解竞争在进化分歧中的作用。