Workshop: Advancing Understanding of Microbiomes in Drinking Water Distribution Systems and Premise Plumbing Using Meta-omics Techniques, Denver, CO, August 15-16, 2017

研讨会：利用元组学技术增进对饮用水分配系统和场所管道中微生物组的理解，科罗拉多州丹佛，2017 年 8 月 15-16 日

• 批准号: 1701641
• 负责人: Grace Jang
• 金额: $ 4.99万
• 依托单位: Water Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1701641&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Workshop; Advancing; Understanding; Microbiomes; Drinking

1701641JangThe proposed workshop will examine the feasibility and practicality of new advances in the analysis of microorganisms to assess drinking water quality and to identify areas for collaboration and synergy in research focused on the understanding of microbiology of water systems. This two-day workshop to be held in Denver, CO August 15-16, 2017 will bring together approximately 30 interdisciplinary and international experts from fields that are using microbiome analyses (human body, built environments) and drinking water research on microbial diversity using meta-omics techniques. Experts will discuss current drinking water microbiome monitoring techniques in water treatment, the state-of-art of meta-omics techniques, and the impact of the drinking water microbiome on public health in plenary sessions, breakout groups, and facilitated panel discussions.Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology, bioinformatics, and big-data technology have allowed scientists and researchers to effectively use these meta-omics (e.g., metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics) tools to study microbiomes in various microbial ecosystems. National, multi-agency programs have been developed to study and elucidate the microbiomes of the human body and built environments. The NIH-funded Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to develop meta-omics protocols, resulting in a broad range of quality-controlled resources and data including standardized methods for creating, processing and interpreting distinct types of high-throughput meta-omics data. Similarly, the National Academies? Board on Life Sciences has announced a large-scale project to assess the state of knowledge on microbiomes of the built environment and the implications for human health, sustainability, security, and the design, construction, and operation of physical infrastructural systems and other elements of built environments. Nevertheless, the use of advanced meta-omics techniques to study the drinking water microbiome is at its infant stage. It remains an important question whether a deep understanding of drinking water microbiomes by meta-omic tools can be obtained in a systematic and cost-effective way so that the knowledge can be used by water utilities to better manage the water quality, shape the drinking water microbiome, and ultimately protect public health. Current conventional and advanced treatment processes are producing high-quality and safe drinking water. However, emerging research is uncovering that drinking water distribution systems can harbor microorganisms in biofilms and suspensions. Healthy tap water is teeming with microbial life, typically 1,000-50,000 total microbial cells per mL, potentially reaching over a million. The quality of this water begins to deteriorate in the current premise plumbing infrastructure when water is stored for days to months and beyond the time that residual disinfectants and anti-corrosive agents (e.g., phosphates to protect against lead leaching) are effective. This deterioration can lead to microbial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems and premise plumbing which can cause undesirable water quality changes and violations of public health regulations. Specifically, biofilms can act as natural harbors for some opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Mycobacterium avium and Legionella pneumophila) that affect immune compromised populations, allow invasive pathogens to attach when intrusion events occur, and remain as a component of waterborne disease risk that is hard to predict. Already, there has been a 3.5 fold increase in Legionnaire?s disease outbreaks, caused by Legionella pneumophila, between 2000 and 2011. The problem is further compounded by the presence of pathogens that are resistant to a wide spectrum of antibiotics, which would in turn increase morbidity and mortality rates among infected individuals. Antibiotic resistance genes present in the water can also be horizontally acquired from one pathogen to another, hence further escalating the potential risks. There is an urgent need to improve and disseminate our understanding of the microorganisms in our drinking water distribution systems and premise plumbing (or drinking water microbiome) to protect the public from increasing risk to chemical and pathogen exposure. To improve and disseminate our understanding of the microorganisms in our drinking water distribution systems and premise plumbing (or drinking water microbiome), this workshop aims to: 1) provide an overview of current drinking water treatment processes and methods used in studying drinking water microbiome, and identify current challenges and gaps in applying meta-omics tools to effectively understand the drinking water microbiome; 2) provide an overview of the most advanced meta-omics tools used in studying microbiomes, and identify the research needs for bridging the use of meta-omics techniques to the analysis of drinking water microbiome; and, 3) provide an overview of known microbiomes that are of public health concern in distribution systems and premise plumbing, and to identify the knowledge gaps on how to effectively shape drinking water microbiome using innovative engineering approaches, and better manage healthier drinking water networks. Through this, analytical procedures in meta-omics techniques can be standardized, and this effort will allow researchers, scientists and utility engineers to effectively compare their findings among different studies, select effective methods among all available meta-omics techniques, identify novel key biomarkers for water quality monitoring, and derive critical knowhow. At the same time, it allows educational institutions to work closely with water utilities to develop effective education programs and produce the next-generation researchers and engineers who have real-scale research and working experiences. These advances will enable the major breakthroughs needed to better understand the drinking water microbiomes within the next 5-10 years to help protect the public from increasing risk to pathogen exposure.

1701641 jang建议的研讨会将探讨微生物分析的新进展的可行性和实用性，以评估饮用水质量，并确定合作和协同研究的领域，重点是了解水系统的微生物学。这个为期两天的研讨会将于2017年8月15日至16日在科罗拉多州丹佛市举行，届时将汇集大约30名跨学科和国际专家，他们来自使用微生物组分析（人体，建筑环境）和使用元组学技术研究微生物多样性的饮用水研究领域。专家们将在全体会议、分组讨论和促进小组讨论中讨论水处理中目前的饮用水微生物组监测技术、元组学技术的最新状况以及饮用水微生物组对公共卫生的影响。DNA测序技术、生物信息学和大数据技术的最新进展使科学家和研究人员能够有效地利用这些元组学（如元基因组学、元转录组学和宏蛋白质组学）工具来研究各种微生物生态系统中的微生物组。为了研究和阐明人体和建筑环境中的微生物群，已经制定了国家、多机构的计划。美国国立卫生研究院资助的人类微生物组项目联盟已经建立了一个人口规模的框架来开发元组学协议，从而产生了广泛的质量控制资源和数据，包括用于创建、处理和解释不同类型的高通量元组学数据的标准化方法。同样，美国国家科学院？生命科学委员会宣布了一项大型项目，以评估建筑环境中的微生物组及其对人类健康、可持续性、安全性、物理基础设施系统和建筑环境其他要素的设计、建造和运营的影响。然而，使用先进的元组学技术来研究饮用水微生物群尚处于起步阶段。通过元组学工具对饮用水微生物群的深入了解是否能够以系统和经济有效的方式获得，以便水务公司能够更好地利用这些知识来管理水质，塑造饮用水微生物群，并最终保护公众健康，这仍然是一个重要的问题。目前的常规和高级处理工艺正在生产高质量和安全的饮用水。然而，新兴的研究表明，饮用水分配系统可以在生物膜和悬浮液中容纳微生物。健康的自来水中充满了微生物，通常每毫升有1000 - 50000个微生物细胞，可能超过100万个。当水储存几天到几个月，并且超过残留消毒剂和抗腐蚀剂（例如防止铅浸出的磷酸盐）有效的时间时，这种水的质量在当前的住宅管道基础设施中开始恶化。这种恶化可能导致饮用水分配系统和住宅管道中的微生物再生，从而导致不受欢迎的水质变化和违反公共卫生法规。具体来说，生物膜可以作为一些机会性病原体（例如鸟分枝杆菌和嗜肺军团菌）的天然避难所，这些病原体影响免疫受损的人群，在入侵事件发生时允许侵入性病原体附着，并且仍然是难以预测的水传播疾病风险的组成部分。军团成员数量已经增加了3.5倍。2000年至2011年期间由嗜肺军团菌引起的疾病暴发。由于存在对多种抗生素具有耐药性的病原体，这一问题进一步复杂化，这反过来又会增加受感染者的发病率和死亡率。水中存在的抗生素耐药基因也可以从一种病原体水平传播到另一种病原体，从而进一步加剧潜在风险。迫切需要提高和传播我们对饮用水分配系统和房屋管道（或饮用水微生物组）中微生物的理解，以保护公众免受化学品和病原体暴露的风险增加。改进和传播我们理解我们饮用水的微生物分布系统和前提管道(或饮用水微生物),这个研讨会的目的是:1)概述当前的饮用水处理工艺和方法用于研究饮用水微生物,并确定当前的挑战和差距在应用meta-omics工具来有效地理解饮用水微生物;2)综述了用于微生物组学研究的最先进的元组学工具，并确定了将元组学技术应用于饮用水微生物组学分析的研究需求；并且，3)概述已知的在分配系统和住宅管道中引起公共卫生关注的微生物组，并确定如何使用创新工程方法有效塑造饮用水微生物组的知识差距，并更好地管理更健康的饮用水网络。通过这种方法，元组学技术的分析过程可以标准化，这将使研究人员、科学家和公用事业工程师能够有效地比较他们在不同研究中的发现，在所有可用的元组学技术中选择有效的方法，确定用于水质监测的新的关键生物标志物，并获得关键知识。同时，它允许教育机构与水务公司密切合作，制定有效的教育计划，培养具有实际研究和工作经验的下一代研究人员和工程师。这些进展将使在未来5-10年内更好地了解饮用水微生物组所需的重大突破，以帮助保护公众免受日益增加的病原体暴露风险。