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Dissertation Research: Dispersal of moss spores by birds: elucidating the mechanisms of behaviorally enhanced bryophyte dispersal networks

论文研究：鸟类传播苔藓孢子：阐明行为增强苔藓植物传播网络的机制

基本信息

批准号：
1701756
负责人：
Sarah Eppley
金额：
$ 1.93万
依托单位：
Portland State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-06-01 至 2020-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1701756&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dissertation Research Dispersal moss spores

项目摘要

Individual animals and plants often move from their places of birth to new locations, where they live out their lives. This movement, known as "dispersal", is important in ecology because it largely determines where species are found, which species come in contact with each other, and the services they can then provide to nature and to humans. Sometimes, plants depend on animals for dispersal. Many trees and shrubs, for example, rely on birds to eat their fruits and defecate their seeds somewhere else. Mosses may also rely on birds for dispersal of spores, which are like seeds, but practically nothing is known about it. Researchers will study how often spores are found on the feathers of birds and whether the spores are actually dispersed by the birds. Mosses play an important role in ecosystems by contributing to nutrient cycling, maintaining water, and providing nesting material and places to forage for many forest animals. By understanding the relationship between moss dispersal and bird behavior, managers and policy makers will have a more complete picture of how land use decisions influence the use and conservation of natural resources.Dispersal is a key process shaping ecological communities over time. Behaviorally-mediated dispersal via an association with an animal vector can greatly increase the chances of arriving in a favorable locale. While the impact of avian dispersal of seed plants has been widely studied and is known to impact dispersal outcomes, avian dispersal of bryophyte spores has received little attention. Preliminary work has shown that bryophyte spores are present on a wide variety of bird species, and that these spores are viable. In addition, there is evidence for species-specific relationships between birds and bryophytes. Building on this work, this project has two aims: 1) to determine how behaviorally-directed dispersal by birds differs from bulk spore flow via wind, and 2) to determine the topical retention time of spores on birds. Results from the second aim will be incorporated into a model of flight distance times to address the likelihood of long distance spore dispersal by birds. Together, these aims will enhance understanding of bryophyte dispersal ecology and will provide a comparative model that can be used to test theories developed in tracheophytes.

个别的动物和植物经常从它们的出生地迁移到新的地方，在那里它们度过了它们的一生。这种被称为“扩散”的运动在生态学中很重要，因为它在很大程度上决定了物种的发现地点，哪些物种相互接触，以及它们可以为自然和人类提供的服务。有时，植物依靠动物传播。例如，许多树木和灌木依靠鸟类来吃它们的果实，并在其他地方排泄它们的种子。苔藓也可能依靠鸟类传播孢子，孢子就像种子一样，但实际上对此一无所知。研究人员将研究鸟类羽毛上发现孢子的频率以及孢子是否真的由鸟类传播。苔藓在生态系统中发挥着重要作用，有助于营养循环，保持水分，并为许多森林动物提供筑巢材料和觅食场所。通过了解苔藓传播和鸟类行为之间的关系，管理者和政策制定者将更全面地了解土地利用决策如何影响自然资源的利用和保护。通过与动物媒介的联系进行行为介导的传播，可以大大增加到达有利地点的机会。虽然鸟类传播种子植物的影响已被广泛研究，并被称为影响扩散的结果，鸟类传播的brabrite孢子很少受到关注。初步研究表明，在多种鸟类身上都存在着褐飞虱孢子，而且这些孢子是可以存活的。此外，有证据表明鸟类和鸟类之间存在物种特异性关系。在这项工作的基础上，该项目有两个目标：1）确定鸟类行为导向的传播与通过风的大量孢子流的不同，以及2）确定孢子在鸟类身上的局部保留时间。第二个目标的结果将被纳入飞行距离时间模型，以解决鸟类远距离传播孢子的可能性。总之，这些目标将提高对brituete扩散生态学的理解，并将提供一个比较模型，可用于测试在维管植物中开发的理论。