权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Phenological shifts in seed-dispersal networks of the Sierra Nevada, California

论文研究：加利福尼亚州内华达山脉种子传播网络的物候变化

基本信息

批准号：
1701858
负责人：
Morgan Tingley
金额：
$ 1.74万
依托单位：
University of Connecticut
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-06-01 至 2018-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1701858&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
DISSERTATION RESEARCH Phenological shifts seed

项目摘要

Many recreational and cultural events are based on the seasonal timing of natural events. For example, visitors flock to New England to enjoy fall leaf colors and birdwatchers congregate in May to welcome migrating birds. Seasonal timing also matters to plants and animals. To fuel their fall migrations, birds rely on calorie-rich wild fruits. Likewise, the plants that make those fruits rely on migrating birds to carry their seeds to places where they can grow into new plants. This mutually beneficial interaction works because the timing of wild fruit production matches the timing of bird migration. In many places, however, the seasonal timing of bird migration and fruit production has become misaligned. With not enough fruit to fuel their migratory flights, birds may suffer during migration. And, without birds to disperse their seeds, some plants could fail to produce the next generation. This research will measure how much fruit production and bird migration are misaligned. Investigators will study the environmental cues for fall migration and fruit production as well as the factors that control how many fruits are produced by wild plants. Members of the public will participate by providing observations on bird-fruit interactions and will learn about scientific research through field trips led by the investigators. The relationships between environmental cues and fall seasonal events in birds and plants remain largely unexplored. This project will use multi-year, multi-species, publicly available datasets to estimate year-to-year differences in the timing of fall migration in birds and fruiting in fleshy-fruited shrubs. Two methods will be employed to determine relationships. First, researchers will use Bayesian survival models to regress data on yearly timing of migration and fruiting from the National Phenology Network and eBird, respectively, with data on environmental drivers. Second, a common garden experiment with five genera of shrubs will be set up to mechanistically determine for the first time how increased temperature, drought, and the interaction between the temperature and drought affect the timing and abundance of fruits. Results will be useful in predicting the ability of birds to migrate and fruiting-plants to disperse their seeds.

许多娱乐和文化活动都是基于自然活动的季节性时间安排。例如，游客成群结队地来到新英格兰欣赏秋叶的颜色，观鸟者在5月份聚集在一起欢迎候鸟。季节性的时间对植物和动物也很重要。为了给秋季迁徙提供燃料，鸟类依靠富含卡路里的野生水果。同样，结出这些果实的植物依赖迁徙的鸟类将种子带到可以长成新植物的地方。这种互惠互利的互动之所以有效，是因为野生水果生产的时机与鸟类迁徙的时机相匹配。然而，在许多地方，鸟类迁徙的季节性时机和水果生产已经变得不一致。由于没有足够的水果为它们的迁徙飞行提供燃料，鸟类在迁徙过程中可能会受到影响。而且，如果没有鸟类来散播种子，一些植物可能无法产生下一代。这项研究将衡量水果产量和鸟类迁徙的错位程度。研究人员将研究秋季迁徙和水果生产的环境线索，以及控制野生植物产生多少水果的因素。公众将通过提供鸟类与水果相互作用的观察来参与，并将通过调查人员带领的实地考察了解科学研究。鸟类和植物中的环境线索和秋季季节事件之间的关系在很大程度上仍未得到探索。该项目将使用多年、多物种、公开可用的数据集来估计鸟类秋季迁徙和肉质果实灌木结实时间的年际差异。将使用两种方法来确定关系。首先，研究人员将使用贝叶斯生存模型来回归分别来自国家物候学网络和eBird的关于每年迁徙和结实时间的数据，以及环境驱动因素的数据。其次，将建立一个有五个灌木属的普通花园实验，首次从机械上确定气温升高、干旱以及温度和干旱之间的相互作用如何影响果实的时间和丰度。研究结果将有助于预测鸟类迁徙和结实植物散播种子的能力。