Medicus politicus - medical conceptions for the protection and betterment of the natural human body in times of crisis

Medicus politicus - 在危机时期保护和改善自然人体的医学概念

• 批准号: 228278790
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Mariacarla Gadebusch Bondio
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institute for Medical Humanities
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/228278790?language=en
• 关键词: Medicus; politicus; medical; conceptions; protection

The project deals with the idea of an ideal political physician who is committed to the protection and amelioration of human nature in general and of collective health in the early modern state. In times of social and political destabilization, some physicians regarded the protection of the vulnerable human body as their special task. On the threshold of the 17th century, this increasing sense of responsibility led several contemporary exponents of medicine to see themselves as inseparably connected with the political dimension of their vocation. Within this framework our research focusses on the question of how collapses of social order motivated physicians to draft medical models for the protection and preservation of human health in which they drew on the authorities of natural philosophy. In order to be politically effective and to assert its authority in the daily struggle of competing practitioners, ¿good¿, ¿rational¿ and learned medicine needed grounds and justification. This is reflected in the changes which the image of the ideal physician underwent in the course of the 16th and 17th centuries. We will reconstruct these changing ideas in deontological treatises and texts about practical surgery such as the observationes chirurgicae. The interaction between these two types of medical literature will form the basis of our research focussing on the ambivalent concept of a medicus politicus. At the beginning of the 17th century, writings dealing with the idea of the medicus politicus emerge as a new literary genre promoting medico-ethical conceptions and a new type of physician whose range of influence is much broader than that envisaged by classical conceptions of self-regulation. The politically committed physicians speak out for a re-ordering of the medical system in the early modern state. By influencing governmental authorities they seek to protect the community from bad doctors, and to prompt the authorities to secure the quality of medical treatment through regulation. A comparative analysis of the pioneering writings of the Jewish physician Rodrigo de Castro (David Namias, 1546-1627), and the surgeon Wilhelm Fabry of Hilden (1560-1634) forms the nucleus of our research. Nourished by Hippocratic- Galenic, Christian-reformist, and Jewish traditions of a self-reflective medicine, these physicians put all their efforts into maintaining and restoring that most precious of goods: health. In preventing diseases, treating war wounds and struggling against plague and dysentery, these physicians also fulfilled an effective political role. Their conviction that knowledge of fragile human nature and a professional ethics based on religious belief was powerfully underlined by their writings and self-fashioning as physicians with a public mission.

该项目涉及一个理想的政治医生的想法，他致力于保护和改善一般人性和早期现代国家的集体健康。在社会和政治动荡时期，一些医生将保护脆弱的人体视为他们的特殊任务。在17世纪的门槛上，这种日益增强的责任感使几位当代医学代表人物认为自己与其职业的政治维度密不可分。在这个框架内，我们的研究重点是社会秩序的崩溃如何促使医生起草保护和维护人类健康的医学模型，他们借鉴了自然哲学的权威。为了在政治上有效，为了在相互竞争的从业者的日常斗争中维护其权威，良好的、理性的和有学问的医学需要理由和正当性。这反映在16和17世纪理想医生形象的变化中。我们将在义务论的论文和关于实际外科手术的文本中重建这些不断变化的观念，如《外科观察》。这两种类型的医学文献之间的相互作用将形成我们的研究的基础上，集中在一个医生的矛盾概念的政治。在17世纪初，论述政治医师思想的著作作为一种新的文学体裁出现，它促进了医学伦理观念和一种新型的医生，其影响范围比传统的自我调节观念所设想的要广泛得多。有政治决心的医生们大声疾呼，要求对现代早期国家的医疗系统进行重新排序。通过影响政府当局，他们试图保护社区免受不良医生的影响，并促使当局通过监管确保医疗质量。犹太医生罗德里戈·德·卡斯特罗（Rodrigo de Castro，大卫·纳米亚斯，1546-1627）和希尔登的外科医生威廉·法布里（Wilhelm Fabry，1560-1634）的开创性著作的比较分析构成了我们研究的核心。在希波克拉底-盖伦、基督教改良主义者和犹太人的自我反思医学传统的滋养下，这些医生把他们所有的努力都投入到维护和恢复最宝贵的商品：健康上。在预防疾病、治疗战争创伤、与瘟疫和痢疾作斗争方面，这些医生也发挥了有效的政治作用。他们的著作和自我塑造为具有公共使命的医生，有力地强调了他们对脆弱人性的认识和基于宗教信仰的职业道德。