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DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Morphological consequences of trophic evolution

论文研究：营养进化的形态学后果

基本信息

批准号：
1701913
负责人：
Brian O'Meara
金额：
$ 1.96万
依托单位：
University of Tennessee Knoxville
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2020-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1701913&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
DISSERTATION RESEARCH Morphological consequences trophic

项目摘要

A unifying characteristic of all life forms is the need to acquire resources. Resources relating to food and feeding, also known as trophic resources, have been a leading factor in driving the diversity of life on this planet. One of every three living vertebrate species is an acanthomorph fish, a group of spiny-ray finned fishes that includes cichlids and many reef fishes. Members of this group consume a wide variety of resources, ranging from scraping scales off other fish, filtering plankton from the water, biting off chunks of coral, or actively hunting other vertebrates. How effectively the fish feed on these resources is intimately connected to their physical anatomy, especially how well the fish can maneuver and capture prey. Some anatomical traits are thought to lead to increased speciation or decreased extinction rates (these are known as key innovations) but may limit possible flexibility in diet evolution. This is the key question addressed by this research. In addition, this research compares how communities of different ages are shaped by their trophic ecologies. Acanthomorphs are also common aquarium fish, providing a great opportunity to educate the public about form and function in biology, which this research will do by producing interactive software.Understanding the ecological factors that generate and maintain diversity is a major goal in biological research. Trophic ecology is one such factor and is a major driver of evolution. Acanthomorph fishes provide the perfect system to study trophic evolution as they are extremely speciose and diverse in their trophic ecology and morphology. Specifically, this research investigates how trophic ecology may promote or constrain rates of morphological evolution, how morphological key innovations may constrain or promote rates of diet evolution, and how communities of different ages may have different patterns of trophic evolution that have shaped the respective fish fauna. This research will use comparative phylogenetic methods and, for young radiations, phylogenomics, to elucidate relationships of species and test these hypotheses in a comparative evolutionary framework. This research will provide insight into how diet evolves and the macroevolutionary consequences that trophic ecology has on morphology.

所有生命形式的一个统一特征是需要获取资源。与食物和饲料有关的资源，也被称为营养资源，一直是推动地球上生命多样性的主要因素。每三种活着的脊椎动物中就有一种是棘形鱼，这是一组刺鳍鱼，包括慈鱼和许多珊瑚鱼。这个群体的成员消耗各种各样的资源，从刮掉其他鱼类的鳞片，从水中过滤浮游生物，咬下大块的珊瑚，或者积极地捕猎其他脊椎动物。鱼对这些资源的摄食效率与它们的身体解剖密切相关，特别是鱼能多好地操纵和捕获猎物。一些解剖学特征被认为会导致物种形成增加或灭绝速度降低(这些被称为关键创新)，但可能会限制饮食进化的灵活性。这是本研究要解决的关键问题。此外，这项研究还比较了不同年龄段的群落是如何被其营养生态塑造的。棘形鱼类也是常见的水族鱼，这为公众提供了一个很好的机会来教育公众关于生物学的形式和功能，本研究将通过制作互动软件来实现这一点。了解产生和维持多样性的生态因素是生物学研究的一个主要目标。营养生态就是这样一个因素，也是进化的主要驱动力。棘形鱼由于其营养生态和形态极其特殊和多样化，为研究营养进化提供了完美的系统。具体地说，这项研究调查了营养生态学如何促进或限制形态进化的速度，形态关键创新如何限制或促进食物进化的速度，以及不同年龄的群落如何具有不同的营养进化模式，这些模式塑造了各自的鱼类动物群。这项研究将使用比较系统发生学方法，对于年轻的辐射，系统发生学，以阐明物种之间的关系，并在比较进化框架内检验这些假说。这项研究将深入了解饮食是如何进化的，以及营养生态学对形态的宏观进化后果。