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DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Developmental mechanisms of morphological novelty and adaptation in the hindlimbs of bats (Chiroptera)

论文研究：蝙蝠（翼手目）后肢形态新颖性和适应的发育机制

基本信息

批准号：
1700845
负责人：
Sharlene Santana
金额：
$ 2.01万
依托单位：
University of Washington
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2019-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1700845&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
DISSERTATION RESEARCH Developmental mechanisms morphological

项目摘要

This project seeks to better understand evolutionary novelty and anatomical diversity through an investigation of the bat calcar, a skeletal element found in bat feet but not in the feet of other mammals. The calcar is a 'neomorphism,'it suddenly appears in the earliest bats but is not found in their ancestors: its appearance in the fossil record is difficult to explain. The bat calcar is particularly exceptional because it varies extensively across bat species, suggesting that anatomical variation may have functional and ecological implications. Therefore, the calcar offers a unique model system for studying the processes that generate anatomical novelty and diversity in vertebrates. In this project, the researchers will link approaches from developmental biology and biomechanics in order to explain the evolution of the calcar and to explore its functional relevance across the global radiation of bats. The researchers will also create education and outreach activities that will promote the utility of interdisciplinary research for solving enduring questions in biology.The researchers' primary goal is to use the calcar of bats (Chiroptera) to understand how developmental modifications can lead to the formation of novel skeletal structures and to functionally-relevant variability in those structures. The specific objectives of this project are to 1) reveal the developmental origin of the calcar and discern its homology among bats, and 2) identify developmental processes that lead to differences in connective tissue composition among calcars (i.e., why some calcars calcify or ossify while others do not). These objectives will be addressed using histochemical and immunofluorescent assays of bat embryos representing phylogenetically, morphologically, and ecologically diverse species. These experiments will expand on the researchers' recent work on calcar functional anatomy and biomechanics. This project will strengthen the ability of the researchers to test their overarching hypothesis: the evolution of the calcar resulted from modifications in developmental regulation of chondrogenesis and ossification leading to adaptive evolution.

该项目旨在通过对蝙蝠距的研究来更好地了解进化的新颖性和解剖学多样性，蝙蝠距是在蝙蝠脚中发现的一种骨骼元素，但在其他哺乳动物的脚中却没有。距骨是一种“新形态”，它突然出现在最早的蝙蝠身上，但在它们的祖先身上却没有发现：它在化石记录中的出现很难解释。蝙蝠距骨尤其特殊，因为它在不同的蝙蝠物种之间存在很大差异，这表明解剖学差异可能具有功能和生态影响。因此，骨距提供了一个独特的模型系统，用于研究脊椎动物产生解剖学新颖性和多样性的过程。在这个项目中，研究人员将把发育生物学和生物力学的方法联系起来，以解释距骨的进化，并探索其在蝙蝠全球辐射中的功能相关性。研究人员还将开展教育和推广活动，以促进跨学科研究的实用性，以解决生物学中的持久问题。研究人员的主要目标是利用蝙蝠（翼手目）的距骨来了解发育修饰如何导致新型骨骼结构的形成以及这些结构中功能相关的变异。该项目的具体目标是 1) 揭示距骨的发育起源并辨别其在蝙蝠之间的同源性，2) 识别导致距骨间结缔组织成分差异的发育过程（即为什么有些距骨钙化或骨化，而另一些则不然）。这些目标将通过对代表系统发育、形态学和生态多样性物种的蝙蝠胚胎进行组织化学和免疫荧光测定来实现。这些实验将扩展研究人员最近在骨距功能解剖学和生物力学方面的工作。该项目将增强研究人员测试其总体假设的能力：距骨的进化是由于软骨形成和骨化的发育调节发生变化而导致的适应性进化。