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DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Developmental mechanisms of morphological novelty and adaptation in the hindlimbs of bats (Chiroptera)

论文研究：蝙蝠（翼手目）后肢形态新颖性和适应的发育机制

基本信息

批准号：
1700845
负责人：
Sharlene Santana
金额：
$ 2.01万
依托单位：
University of Washington
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2019-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1700845&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
DISSERTATION RESEARCH Developmental mechanisms morphological

项目摘要

This project seeks to better understand evolutionary novelty and anatomical diversity through an investigation of the bat calcar, a skeletal element found in bat feet but not in the feet of other mammals. The calcar is a 'neomorphism,'it suddenly appears in the earliest bats but is not found in their ancestors: its appearance in the fossil record is difficult to explain. The bat calcar is particularly exceptional because it varies extensively across bat species, suggesting that anatomical variation may have functional and ecological implications. Therefore, the calcar offers a unique model system for studying the processes that generate anatomical novelty and diversity in vertebrates. In this project, the researchers will link approaches from developmental biology and biomechanics in order to explain the evolution of the calcar and to explore its functional relevance across the global radiation of bats. The researchers will also create education and outreach activities that will promote the utility of interdisciplinary research for solving enduring questions in biology.The researchers' primary goal is to use the calcar of bats (Chiroptera) to understand how developmental modifications can lead to the formation of novel skeletal structures and to functionally-relevant variability in those structures. The specific objectives of this project are to 1) reveal the developmental origin of the calcar and discern its homology among bats, and 2) identify developmental processes that lead to differences in connective tissue composition among calcars (i.e., why some calcars calcify or ossify while others do not). These objectives will be addressed using histochemical and immunofluorescent assays of bat embryos representing phylogenetically, morphologically, and ecologically diverse species. These experiments will expand on the researchers' recent work on calcar functional anatomy and biomechanics. This project will strengthen the ability of the researchers to test their overarching hypothesis: the evolution of the calcar resulted from modifications in developmental regulation of chondrogenesis and ossification leading to adaptive evolution.

这个项目试图通过对蝙蝠距的研究来更好地了解进化的新颖性和解剖多样性。蝙蝠距是一种骨骼元素，存在于蝙蝠脚中，但不存在于其他哺乳动物的脚中。Calcar是一个新形容词，它突然出现在最早的蝙蝠身上，但在它们的祖先身上找不到：它在化石记录中的出现很难解释。蝙蝠距特别特别，因为它在不同蝙蝠物种中差异很大，这表明解剖学上的差异可能具有功能和生态意义。因此，Calcar为研究脊椎动物产生解剖学新颖性和多样性的过程提供了一个独特的模型系统。在这个项目中，研究人员将把发育生物学和生物力学的方法联系起来，以解释Calcar的进化，并探索其与蝙蝠全球辐射的功能相关性。研究人员还将创建教育和推广活动，促进跨学科研究的效用，以解决生物学中的长期问题。研究人员的主要目标是使用蝙蝠的距(翼手目)来了解发育变化如何导致新的骨骼结构的形成，并在这些结构中产生与功能相关的变异。该项目的具体目标是1)揭示距骨的发育起源，并辨别其在蝙蝠中的同源性，以及2)确定导致距骨间结缔组织成分差异的发育过程(即，为什么一些距骨钙化或骨化，而另一些不钙化)。这些目标将通过蝙蝠胚胎的组织化学和免疫荧光分析来实现，这些胚胎代表了系统发育、形态和生态上不同的物种。这些实验将扩展研究人员最近在Calcar功能解剖学和生物力学方面的工作。这个项目将加强研究人员测试他们的总体假说的能力：距骨的进化源于软骨形成和骨化的发育调节的改变，从而导致适应性进化。