Collborative Research: Linking Thermal Tolerance to Invasion Dynamics: Climate and Physiological Capacity as Regulators of Geographical Spread

合作研究：将耐热性与入侵动态联系起来：气候和生理能力作为地理传播的调节因素

• 批准号: 1702312
• 负责人: Dylan Parry
• 金额: $ 3.25万
• 依托单位: SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1702312&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collborative; Research; Linking; Thermal; Tolerance

Invasive species are an increasing threat to native ecosystems, agriculture, and forestry. This research addresses fundamental questions about how the environment, habitat, local life history, and local physiological traits interact to determine the geographic range of gypsy moths. Introduced from Europe to Massachusetts in 1869, gypsy moth now occurs over nearly a million square kilometers of eastern North America, extending from Minnesota to North Carolina. It is a highly damaging pest of hardwood forests, causing extensive economic and ecological damage to public and private property, as well as negatively impacting the forest products industry. In some parts of its range, gypsy moth is spreading rapidly across the landscape, while in other areas, the invasion front is static or retracting. So far, only one-third of susceptible forest types in the United States have been invaded, leaving large portions of the country still at risk. This project addresses how the invasive potential of a species can change along its leading edge and how a changing environment can determine whether ranges expand or contract. This research also includes training and outreach components that will reach a wide range of student learners, educators, and community stakeholders. The objective of this project is to use patterns of expansion, stasis, and contraction at gypsy moth range limits to examine how local changes in gypsy moth traits influence the potential for future spread. Specifically, the project tests for range-wide variation in tolerance to high and low temperature extremes, local adaptive changes in those physiological limits, and how these traits interact with temperature to influence invasive spread under predicted changes in regional environments. To determine how temperature extremes impact the survival and growth of populations from across the invasion front, experiments will be performed to quantify temperature-dependent growth rates, critical thermal limits, and temperature-specific metabolic rates. Additionally, the effects of current and future environmental conditions will be tested using growth chambers programed with region-specific current and future temperature regimes. The effects of current overwintering conditions at the range extremes on hatching success will be tested by deploying egg masses from a range of populations at both the northern and southern range edge. Publically available climate data, as well as the exhaustive sampling effort by state and federal agencies that annually measures the abundance of gypsy moth along the entire 2000 km range edge, will be used to examine future spread potential. These experimental approaches, combined with information on the current distribution and spread rate will lead to a greater understanding of traits underlying the success of invasive species and help to identify areas that may become more or less susceptible to invasions in the future.

入侵物种对当地生态系统、农业和林业的威胁越来越大。这项研究解决了有关环境，栖息地，当地生活史和当地生理特征如何相互作用，以确定舞毒蛾的地理范围的基本问题。舞毒蛾于1869年从欧洲传入马萨诸塞州，现在分布在北美东部近一百万平方公里的地区，从明尼苏达州延伸到北卡罗来纳州。它是硬木林的一种高度破坏性害虫，对公共和私人财产造成广泛的经济和生态破坏，并对森林产品工业产生负面影响。在其活动范围的某些地方，舞毒蛾正在迅速蔓延，而在其他地区，入侵前沿是静止的或收缩的。到目前为止，美国只有三分之一的易受影响的森林类型受到入侵，使该国大部分地区仍然处于危险之中。这个项目探讨了一个物种的入侵潜力如何沿着它的前沿变化，以及变化的环境如何决定范围是扩大还是缩小。这项研究还包括培训和推广部分，将达到广泛的学生学习者，教育工作者和社区利益相关者。该项目的目标是利用舞毒蛾活动范围限制的扩张、停滞和收缩模式来研究舞毒蛾特征的局部变化如何影响未来传播的潜力。具体而言，该项目测试了对高温和低温极端的耐受性的范围变化，这些生理极限的局部适应性变化，以及这些特征如何与温度相互作用，以影响区域环境预测变化下的入侵传播。为了确定极端温度如何影响入侵前沿种群的生存和生长，将进行实验以量化温度依赖性生长速率、临界热极限和温度特异性代谢速率。此外，目前和未来的环境条件的影响将进行测试，使用与区域特定的电流和未来的温度制度编程的生长室。目前的越冬条件的影响，在范围的极端孵化成功率将进行测试部署蛋群众从一系列的人口在北方和南部的范围边缘。公开的气候数据，以及州和联邦机构每年测量整个2000公里范围边缘沿着舞毒蛾丰度的详尽采样工作，将被用来研究未来的传播潜力。这些实验方法，结合目前的分布和传播速度的信息，将导致更好地了解入侵物种成功的基本特征，并有助于确定未来可能变得或多或少容易受到入侵的地区。