Biogenic volatile organic compounds and the fate of ozone in the changing Arctic

大多数植物会释放出被称为挥发性有机化合物的芳香气体。通常，这些气体的释放会随着天气变暖而增加。温度测量表明，北极地区因气候变化而变暖的速度比地球上大多数地区都要快，因此，这些化合物的排放量可能会比其他地方增加得更多。研究人员将研究从北极苔原植被中释放出哪些化合物，以及这些化合物的释放如何依赖于天气、一天中的时间和季节。研究人员还将探索这些化合物在大气中如何反应，以及这些反应的产物是什么。将特别关注这些气体对边界层臭氧的作用，边界层臭氧是一种重要的温室气体和大气氧化剂。这项研究将在阿拉斯加北部的生态研究站图里克研究站进行。这些研究将提高我们对北极自然环境如何与大气相互作用的理解。更广泛的影响包括研究生教育和对蒙大拿大学一名年轻教员的支持。在以前的北极工作中，这些研究人员在夏季边界层臭氧中观察到一个清晰的日信号。将这一观测结果与大气边界层的日演化联系起来的尝试尚未成功。这些研究人员提出，植物每天排放的生物源性挥发性有机化合物（BVOC）以及随后在大气边界层中的化学反应可以解释这一观察结果。在位于阿拉斯加北坡的图里克湖长期生态研究站，提出了一项实地活动来量化BVOC和NOx的排放。将在两个生长季节中获得这些BVOC的连续2小时环境记录。3d湍流测量和系留气球剖面将首次直接、连续地表征边界层混合动力学和混合深度。将观测结果整合到两个分层模式中，将对北极大气中臭氧的命运及其对BVOC和NOx的敏感性产生新的见解，并将在了解北极大气中的大气化学和氧化方面取得进展。

Most vegetation emit fragrant gases known as volatile organic compounds. Typically, the release of these gases increase with warmer weather. Temperature measurements have shown that the Arctic is warming faster than most of the planet from climate Change and it therefore it seems likely that the emissions of these compounds will increase more so than in other places. The investigators will study which compounds are emitted from arctic tundra vegetation and how the emissions of these compounds are dependent on weather, time of day, and season. The investigators will also explore how these compounds react in the atmosphere and what the products of these reactions are. A particular focus will be on the role that these gases play on boundary layer ozone, which is an important greenhouse gas and atmospheric oxidant. This research will be conducted at the Toolik Research Station, an ecological research site in northern Alaska. These studies will improve our understanding of how the natural environment in the Arctic interacts with the atmosphere. The broader impacts include graduate student education and support for a young faculty member at the University of Montana. During previous Arctic work, these investigators have observed a clear diurnal signal in summertime boundary layer ozone. Attempts to relate this observation to the diurnal evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer have not been successful. These investigators propose that the daily emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) from vegetation, and the subsequent chemical reactions in the atmospheric boundary layer, can explain this observation. A field campaign is proposed to quantify BVOC and NOx emissions at the Toolik Lake Long Term Ecological Research Station, located on the North Slope of Alaska. Continuous, 2-hourly ambient records of these BVOC will be obtained over two growing seasons. 3D-turbulence measurements and tethered balloon profiling will yield the first direct, continuous characterization of boundary layer mixing dynamics and mixing depth. Integration of observations into two hierarchic models will yield new insights into the fate of ozone in the Arctic atmosphere and its sensitivity to BVOC and NOx, and will provide advances in the understanding of atmospheric chemistry and oxidation in the Arctic atmosphere.