Understanding Discoveries, Maximizing Science and Enabling the Best Data of Advanced LIGO During the Regular Detection Era

作为仪器进步的先锋，引力波（GW）探测将推动自然界极端的深刻发现，有可能从根本上改变我们对空间，时间和引力的看法，因为它们为研究以前隐藏的宇宙现象打开了新的大门。哥伦比亚实验重力小组（GECo）的研究计划旨在最大限度地扩大即将到来的引力波发现的科学范围，并利用引力波扩展多信使科学。特别是，GECo将致力于研究LIGO GWs与南极IceCube天文台中微子探测之间的互相关。改进的探测器对于以更高的保真度看到更多的宇宙至关重要，而天体物理学上的数据分析则能够超越当今的艺术水平。aLIGO探测器的建造是为了提供对从黑洞到中子星等难以捉摸的宇宙物体的洞察力。 因此，GECo的计划旨在提高发现包含中子星的双星系统的几率，并通过增强探测器和数据分析性能来提高每次发现的价值。特别是，GECo将致力于LIGO探测器的表征，以及改进和维护计时系统和开发新的数据分析算法。引力波的直接探测提供了前所未有的机会，可以利用多个天体物理信使来揭示宇宙的谜题。在新发现的基础上，改进的仪器、对数据的深入理解以及依赖于宇宙信使全面网络的创新数据分析方法之间将存在多方面的相互作用。GECo将侧重于协同多信使活动的天体物理、观测和实验基础，这是新发现的坚实基础。GECo将利用天体物理学以及数据结构先验来提高探测的保真度，并使尚未探测到的宇宙信号的可靠探测成为可能。GECo的目标是研究多信使信息，特别关注中微子对应物，并通过低延迟符合中微子信息增强电磁跟踪能力。多信使方法有可能增加可探测源的数量，因为更遥远、更丰富的宇宙事件可以被探测到。GECo还旨在研究引力波搜索，将天体物理学的先验知识结合到二元系统的属性上，这可能会提高搜索的灵敏度。GECo的目标是为先进的LIGO的正常运行做出贡献，表征使命关键探测器子系统的性能，并准备深入的报告以支持特殊的引力波候选者。

At the vanguard of instrumental advances, gravitational wave (GW) detections shall drive profound discoveries at nature's extremes, with the potential of radically transforming the very concept of how we think of space, time, and gravity, as they open new doors to study previously hidden cosmic phenomena. The research program of the Columbia Experimental Gravity group (GECo) aims to maximize the science reach of upcoming gravitational wave discoveries and expand multimessenger science with gravitational waves. In particular, GECo will work on studying the cross correlation between LIGO GWs and neutrino detections from the IceCube observatory in the South Pole. Improved detectors are critical for seeing more of the cosmos with higher fidelity while astrophysically informed data analysis enable insight beyond the state of the art of Today. The aLIGO detectors were built to provide insight on elusive cosmic objects from black-holes to neutron-stars. Therefore GECo's program aims to improve the odds of discovering neutron-star containing binary systems and enhance the value of each discovery via enhanced detector and data analysis performance. In particular, GECo will work on the characterization of the LIGO detector as well as improving and maintaining the timing systems and developing new data analysis algorithms.Direct detections of gravitational waves provide an unprecedented opportunity born of new data to expose cosmic puzzles using multiple astrophysical messengers. At the root of new discoveries, there will be a multifaceted interplay between improved instruments, advanced understanding of the data, and innovative data analysis approaches relying on a comprehensive mesh of cosmic messengers. GECo will focus on the astrophysical, observational and experimental foundations of synergetic multimessenger campaigns, the firm base of new discoveries. GECo will utilize astrophysical as well as data structure priors to enhance the fidelity of the detections and to enable the confident detection of cosmic signals yet undetected. GECo aims to investigate multimessenger information, with special attention to neutrino counterparts and to enhance electromagnetic follow-up capabilities with low-latency coincident neutrino information. Multimessenger approaches have the potential to enhance the number of detectable sources as more distant, and abundant, cosmic events can become accessible. GECo also aims to investigate gravitational wave searches incorporating astrophysical priors on the properties of binary systems that can potentially enhance search sensitivity. GECo aims to contribute to the proper operation of advanced LIGO, to characterize the performance of mission critical detector subsystems, and to prepare in-depth reports to support exceptional gravitational wave candidates.