Black Holes and Matter: Atomic Condensates, Information, Magnetospheres, and Axions

提议的工作包括理论研究，旨在阐明与以下问题相关的问题：1)黑洞霍金辐射的实验室类似物；2)应用于引力和黑洞的量子力学；3)天体物理黑洞周围和其他系统中的磁场和带电粒子；4)旋转磁化中子星可能产生暗物质的来源。这四个主题中的每一个都代表了探索宇宙形成和结构的基本性质的关键领域。拟议的研究结果将通过书面文章以及研讨会、会议演讲和专题讨论会传播。该项目将为博士后学者、研究生和本科生提供科学研究、写作和口头交流方面的指导和指导。PI还将继续教授各级物理课程，研究生将作为助教获得教学经验。PI将寻找机会就物理主题向公众发表演讲。所有这些活动将有助于训练，科学素养和欣赏物理的见解。在更技术性的层面上，第1项下的研究将使用Gross-Pitaevskii方程来模拟原子凝聚，并将研究密度-密度相关函数，同时对原子数量的变化进行平均，此外还将使用截断的Wigner近似对量子噪声的实现进行平均。项目2)将重点讨论黑洞信息悖论可以通过适当考虑量子引力的状态空间结构来解决的可能性，特别是将信息冗余编码到满足量子爱因斯坦方程（即Wheeler-de Witt方程）的波函数中。一个相关的研究将探讨黑洞的热真空气氛的周转时间的概念是否具有洛伦兹不变的意义，以及它是否与讨论很多的黑洞信息处理的置乱时间有关。项目3)包括在广义相对论背景下，以及在存在边界（如中子星表面或黑洞视界）的情况下，针对明确的磁螺旋度公式的工作。这项工作的一个关键数学工具将是微分形式的使用。此外，还将建立一个有效的场片理论，并将其应用于描述回旋加速器运动对黑洞和中子星周围停滞表面的影响。这个表面定义了被引力拉向物体的电荷和被磁力离心力抛向物体的电荷之间的边界。项目4)项下的工作将研究由平行于磁场的电场产生的轴子场，在静态和时间相关的情况下，首先不考虑引力，然后考虑引力。这些发现将用于约束轴子质量和耦合强度，并确定是否可以产生可观察到的效应。

The proposed work involves theoretical studies, aiming to shed light on questions related to 1) laboratory analogs of Hawking radiation from black holes, 2) quantum mechanics applied to gravity and black holes, 3) magnetic fields and charged particles around astrophysical black holes and in other systems, 4) a possible source of dark matter from spinning, magnetized neutron stars. Each of these four topics represents a critical area that probes into the fundamental nature of the formation and structure of the universe. The results of the proposed research will be disseminated through written articles, as well as seminars, conference talks, and colloquia. The PI will provide instruction and mentoring to a postdoctoral scholar, as well as to graduate and undergraduate students, regarding scientific research, writing, and verbal communication. The PI will also continue to teach physics courses at all levels, and the graduate students will gain teaching experience as assistants. The PI will seek out opportunities to speak to the general public on topics in physics. All these activities will contribute to training, scientific literacy, and appreciation of the insights of physics.On a more technical level, research under item 1) will use the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to model the atomic condensate, and will study the density-density correlation function while averaging over variations in the number of atoms, in addition to averaging over realizations of the quantum noise using the truncated Wigner approximation. Item 2) will focus on the possibility that the black hole information paradox can be resolved by a proper accounting of the structure of the state space of quantum gravity, specifically, the redundant encoding of information into the wave function satisfying the quantum Einstein equation, i.e.\ the Wheeler-de Witt equation. A related study will investigate whether the notion of the turnover time of the thermal vacuum atmosphere of a black hole has a Lorentz invariant meaning, and whether it is related to the much discussed scrambling time for black hole information processing. Item 3) includes work aimed at a sharp formulation of magnetic helicity in a general relativistic setting, and in the presence of boundaries such as the surface of a neutron star or the horizon of a black hole. A key mathematical tool for this work will be the use of differential forms. Also, an effective field sheet theory will be developed, and applied to characterize the impact of cyclotron motion on the stagnation surface around black holes and neutron stars. This surface defines the boundary between the charges that are gravitationally pulled to the body and those that are flung outward by magnetocentrifugal force. The work under item 4) will investigate the axion field sourced by electric fields parallel to magnetic fields, in static and in time dependent settings, first without, and then with, gravitation taken into account. The findings will then be used to constrain axion mass and coupling strength, and to determine whether observable effects could be produced.