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Quantum Gravity, Atom Condensate Analogs, and Beyond

量子引力、原子凝聚类似物及其他

基本信息

批准号：
2012139
负责人：
Theodore Jacobson
金额：
$ 47.46万
依托单位：
University of Maryland, College Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2012139&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Quantum Gravity Atom Condensate Analogs

项目摘要

The grant will support research projects on several aspects of gravitational physics, ranging from astrophysical to laboratory analogs to quantum gravity. These projects are aimed at: 1) learning more about the magnetic physics involved in the powerful processes accelerating particles around black holes and neutron stars, which could assist in the interpretation of observations of such sources made with various sorts of telescopes; 2) exploring a mechanism by which neutron stars might source a hypothetical "axion" field, which is a candidate for solving a theoretical puzzle of nuclear physics and is a candidate for the "missing mass" (a.k.a. "dark matter") in the Universe; 3) working with experimentalists to study close analogies between the physics of ultra cold atomic condensates and the behavior of quantum fields in the expanding universe and the Hawking radiation from black holes. This work can stimulate new insights into the properties of atom condensates, and provide laboratory confirmation and perspectives on otherwise purely theoretical fundamental theory; 4) approach the unsolved problem of reconciling Einstein's curved spacetime theory of gravity with the principles of quantum physics. The first three of these project categories include significant interdisciplinary connections to astrophysics, plasma physics, and atomic physics, which may enhance synergy between different research communities and methods, and therefore stimulate progress in scientific understanding. The results of the proposed research will be disseminated through written articles, as well as seminars, conference talks, and colloquia. The PI will provide instruction and mentoring to graduate and undergraduate students, regarding scientific research, writing, and verbal communication. The PI will design and implement instruction in a University of Maryland summer programs for rising 9th graders and for high school girls interested in physics. All of these activities will contribute to technical training and scientific literacy, as well as understanding and appreciation of the insights of physics.Specific research topics in category 1) above include a sharp formulation of magnetic helicity of twisted magnetic field lines in a general relativistic setting, and in the presence of boundaries such as the surface of a neutron star or the horizon of a black hole, and the impact of cyclotron motion on the stagnation surface, which defines the boundary between the charges that are gravitationally pulled to the black hole or neutron star and the charges that are flung outward along magnetic field lines by centrifugal force. Research under 2) aims to discover new ways of observing or constraining an axion field by studying the consequences of copious axion production sourced outside neutron stars, first analytically, and potentially later in numerical simulations with a computational collaborator. The hypothesis that such axion fields are implicated in fast radio bursts will also be explored. In category 3), one project will quantify the effect of variations in the number of condensate atoms on laboratory measurements of the correlation function associated with Hawking radiation. This is necessary in order to interpret those observations. Another project will analyze the theory and upcoming observations of mode modulation (analog Hubble friction) in expanding Bose-Einstein condensates. A third project in this area will explore approaches to experimental measurement of phonon or magnon creation in analog expanding universes. Observations might be possible within the time frame of the award. Finally, one goal of the research under 4) is to develop understanding of quasi-localized quantum gravity, using exact quantization of the 2+1 dimensional theory with a negative cosmological constant, within a spacetime region that is the causal domain of dependence of a disk with a fixed boundary metric. Another is to learn how to apply perturbative renormalized quantum gravity near horizons, to determine whether, as has long been suspected, gravitational interactions quench two point correlation functions when one of the points approaches a horizon.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这笔拨款将支持引力物理的几个方面的研究项目，从天体物理到实验室模拟再到量子重力。这些项目的目的是：1)更多地了解加速黑洞和中子星周围粒子的强大过程所涉及的磁物理，这可能有助于解释用各种类型的望远镜对这类源的观测；2)探索中子星可能产生假想“轴子”场的机制，这是解决核物理理论难题的候选者，也是“失踪质量”(又名)的候选者。宇宙中的暗物质)；3)与实验者合作，研究超冷原子凝聚物理与膨胀宇宙中量子场的行为以及黑洞霍金辐射之间的密切类比。这项工作可以激发人们对原子凝聚态性质的新见解，并为其他纯粹的理论基础理论提供实验室证实和观点；4)探讨爱因斯坦弯曲时空引力理论与量子物理原理之间尚未解决的问题。这些项目的前三个类别包括与天体物理、等离子体物理和原子物理的重大跨学科联系，这可能会加强不同研究界和方法之间的协同作用，从而促进科学理解方面的进展。拟议研究的结果将通过书面文章以及研讨会、会议演讲和座谈来传播。PI将为研究生和本科生提供科学研究、写作和口头交流方面的指导和指导。PI将在马里兰大学为九年级新生和对物理感兴趣的高中女孩设计和实施暑期课程。所有这些活动将有助于技术培训和科学素养，以及理解和欣赏物理学的见解。上述类别1)的具体研究课题包括：在一般相对论背景下，在存在中子星表面或黑洞视界等边界的情况下，精确地描述扭曲磁力线的磁螺旋度，以及回旋运动对停滞面的影响，停滞面定义了被引力拉向黑洞或中子星的电荷与因离心力沿磁力线向外抛出的电荷之间的边界。2)项下的研究旨在通过研究来自中子星外的大量轴子产生的后果来发现观察或约束轴子场的新方法，首先通过分析，然后可能在与计算合作者的数值模拟中进行。我们还将探索这样的轴子场与快速射电爆发有关的假设。在第3类中，一个项目将量化凝聚态原子数量的变化对实验室测量与霍金辐射相关的关联函数的影响。为了解释这些观察，这是必要的。另一个项目将分析膨胀玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的模式调制(模拟哈勃摩擦)的理论和即将到来的观测。该领域的第三个项目将探索在模拟膨胀宇宙中实验测量声子或磁振子产生的方法。在裁决的时间范围内可能会提出意见。最后，4)项下的研究的一个目标是在时空区域内发展对准定域量子引力的理解，使用具有负宇宙学常数的2+1维理论的精确量子化，时空区域是具有固定边界度规的圆盘的依赖的因果域。另一项是学习如何在地平线附近应用微扰重整化量子重力，以确定当其中一个点接近地平线时，重力相互作用是否像长期以来一直怀疑的那样，抑制了两个点的关联函数。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。