Many-body dynamics of electrons on helium

摘要低维系统是指粒子局限于一维或二维的系统，是现代凝聚态物理的主要研究方向之一。这些系统显示出许多有趣的行为，如量子霍尔效应，而这在三维材料中是不会发生的。这些不寻常的特性也使它们对新设备产生了极大的兴趣，了解这些系统对纳米技术的进步也至关重要。液氦表面的电子是实验中发现的第一个二维电子系统。它是最原始的二维系统，因为这个系统没有缺陷。因此，研究它为理解二维的主要物理现象铺平了道路，而不会受到不完美的阻碍。由于缺乏无序性，该系统在开发量子信息科学硬件方面也具有重要的前景。该系统的一个重要的有利特征是可以在很宽的范围内控制其参数，这使得能够以一致的方式表征系统的各个方面。因此，研究氦表面的电子为教育对基础科学和技术感兴趣的学生提供了一个完美的基础。技术摘要本文是一项具有双重目的的实验和理论工作。一个目标是了解电子动力学的基本方面，这是由强电子相关性和氦表面振动的量子场相互作用引起的。另一种是利用该系统在一个控制良好的环境中研究由于缺陷而难以在其他系统中获得的凝聚态物理的基本问题。为此，提出的工作将解决共振辐射响应中的电子相关性和耦合到玻色子场的相互作用；空间周期静电晶格对电子液固两相结构和电导率的影响在空间周期磁场中出现的新效应应该为二维系统中自旋轨道耦合的新方面提供见解。

Non-Technical AbstractLow-dimensional systems, where particles are confined to one or two dimensions, is one of the major directions of modern condensed matter physics. These systems display many interesting behaviors, such as the quantum Hall effect, that do not occur in three dimensional materials. These unusual properties also make them of great interest for new devices and understanding these systems is also critical for progress in nanotechnology. Electrons on the surface of liquid helium was the first two-dimensional electron system discovered experimentally. It stands out as the most pristine two-dimensional system, as this system has no defects. Therefore studying it paves the way for understanding major physical phenomena in two dimensions without being hindered by imperfections. Because of the lack of disorder, the system is also of significant promise in terms of developing hardware for quantum information science. An important advantageous feature of the system is the possibility to control its parameters in a broad range, which enables characterizing various aspects of the system in a coherent fashion. As such, studying electrons on an helium surface provides a perfect ground for educating students interested in fundamental science and technology.Technical AbstractThe proposed work is a joint experimental and theoretical effort with a dual aim. One goal is to understand the basic aspects of the electron dynamics that result from the strong electron correlations and the interaction with the quantum field of the vibrations of the helium surface. The other is the use of the system to study, in a well-controlled environment, the fundamental problems of condensed-matter physics that are hard to access in other systems because of defects. To this end, the proposed work will address the interplay of electron correlations and the coupling to a bosonic field in the response to resonant radiation; the change of the structure and the conductivity of the electron liquid and solid phases by spatially periodic electrostatic lattices; and the novel effects which emerge in a spatially periodic magnetic field and should provide an insight into new aspects of spin-orbit coupling in two-dimensional systems.