Many-body dynamics of electrons on helium

低维系统是指粒子被限制在一维或二维空间的系统，是现代凝聚态物理的主要研究方向之一。这些系统显示出许多有趣的行为，如量子霍尔效应，这在三维材料中不会发生。 这些不寻常的性质也使它们对新设备产生了极大的兴趣，理解这些系统对于纳米技术的进步也至关重要。液氦表面的电子是实验上发现的第一个二维电子系统。它是最原始的二维系统，因为这个系统没有缺陷。因此，研究它为理解二维的主要物理现象铺平了道路，而不会受到缺陷的阻碍。由于缺乏无序，该系统在开发量子信息科学硬件方面也具有重要的前景。该系统的一个重要的有利特征是在宽范围内控制其参数的可能性，这使得能够以连贯的方式表征系统的各个方面。因此，研究氦表面上的电子提供了一个完美的基础，为教育学生感兴趣的基础科学和technology.Technical AbstractThe建议的工作是一个联合的实验和理论的努力，具有双重目的。其中一个目标是了解电子动力学的基本方面，这些电子动力学是由强电子相关性和与氦表面振动的量子场的相互作用引起的。另一个是使用该系统在一个良好控制的环境中研究凝聚态物理学的基本问题，这些问题由于缺陷而难以在其他系统中获得。 为此，拟议的工作将解决的相互作用的电子相关性和耦合到玻色子场的响应共振辐射，改变的结构和导电性的电子液相和固相的空间周期性静电晶格;和新的影响，出现在一个空间周期性的磁场，并应提供一个洞察新的方面的自旋轨道耦合在两个-维度系统

Non-Technical AbstractLow-dimensional systems, where particles are confined to one or two dimensions, is one of the major directions of modern condensed matter physics. These systems display many interesting behaviors, such as the quantum Hall effect, that do not occur in three dimensional materials. These unusual properties also make them of great interest for new devices and understanding these systems is also critical for progress in nanotechnology. Electrons on the surface of liquid helium was the first two-dimensional electron system discovered experimentally. It stands out as the most pristine two-dimensional system, as this system has no defects. Therefore studying it paves the way for understanding major physical phenomena in two dimensions without being hindered by imperfections. Because of the lack of disorder, the system is also of significant promise in terms of developing hardware for quantum information science. An important advantageous feature of the system is the possibility to control its parameters in a broad range, which enables characterizing various aspects of the system in a coherent fashion. As such, studying electrons on an helium surface provides a perfect ground for educating students interested in fundamental science and technology.Technical AbstractThe proposed work is a joint experimental and theoretical effort with a dual aim. One goal is to understand the basic aspects of the electron dynamics that result from the strong electron correlations and the interaction with the quantum field of the vibrations of the helium surface. The other is the use of the system to study, in a well-controlled environment, the fundamental problems of condensed-matter physics that are hard to access in other systems because of defects. To this end, the proposed work will address the interplay of electron correlations and the coupling to a bosonic field in the response to resonant radiation; the change of the structure and the conductivity of the electron liquid and solid phases by spatially periodic electrostatic lattices; and the novel effects which emerge in a spatially periodic magnetic field and should provide an insight into new aspects of spin-orbit coupling in two-dimensional systems.