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Hormones, social dynamics, and variation in responses to inequity in social group settings

激素、社会动态以及对社会群体环境中不平等反应的变化

基本信息

批准号：
1714923
负责人：
Marcela Benitez
金额：
$ 13.8万
依托单位：
Benitez Marcela E
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-09-01 至 2019-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1714923&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Hormones social dynamics variation responses

项目摘要

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. The current project allows for a groundbreaking new way to study social behavior in intact, interacting social groups, both in captive and wild social groups, while collecting information on underlying biological mechanisms to these behaviors. Humans vary in how they respond when receiving less than expected (e.g. contrast) or less than a social partner (e.g., inequity). Inequity is almost ubiquitous in human society, and negative reactions to inequitable circumstances can exacerbate already bad outcomes. Thus, it is critical to better understand what causes humans to respond to negative outcomes, and what factors can exacerbate or, ideally, ameliorate, these reactions. Humans responses to violated expectations are influenced by both individual factors, such as personality, dominance, and hormone profiles, and social factors, such as societal norms, kinship, and relationship quality. One of the weaknesses of human studies is that these factors are often examined independently, with little regard for how social and individual contexts influence one another. Part of the challenge is practical, human societies involve so much complexity that it is nearly impossible to follow all of each individuals' relationships over an extended time period and to control all the circumstances that occur in freely acting social groups. Yet, such a socially typical paradigm is necessary to fully understand how individual differences and real-world group dynamics influence our decisions. This research will address this problem, examining decision-making in a socially relevant, group-level context in capuchin monkeys. Capuchin monkeys are an ideal species in which to study this question. Like humans, capuchins are highly social, routinely cooperate, and systematically experience strong negative reactions to inequity. Yet, all previous studies on inequity in nonhuman primates have been conducted in captivity and the vast majority have relied on how individuals behave when in pairs separated from their social group. As a result, whether capuchins maintain their aversion to inequity in more social and ecologically relevant environment remains unknown. This research will examine response to inequity in intact social groups both at in captivity at Georgia State University and in the field in Iguazu Argentina, allowing the unprecedented opportunity to compare social decision-making in a controlled laboratory setting and in a real-world context. This research has two main goals. First, by implementing a novel, experimenter-free paradigm that allows for remote group testing, this research will investigate how social factors and group dynamics influence responses to inequity. Second, this study will examine the biological mechanisms mediating response to inequity within a social context. Recent research in humans has highlighted the importance of hormones in influencing decision-making behavior. However, again, these studies have been conducted outside of the context of a normal social environment. This research will integrate noninvasive measures of fecal hormone analyses to assess how individual differences in response to inequity may be mediated by hormone levels, or an interaction between hormones and social context, that will be insightful in uncovering the biological mechanisms driving individual differences in decision-making behavior.

该奖项是作为NSF的社会，行为和经济科学博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）计划的一部分提供的。SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门和政府的科学事业准备有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。SPRF的奖励包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。NSF致力于促进来自科学界各部门的科学家，包括来自代表性不足的群体的科学家参与其研究计划和活动;博士后期间被认为是实现这一目标的专业发展的重要水平。每个博士后研究员必须解决推进各自学科领域的重要科学问题。目前的项目允许一种开创性的新方法来研究完整的，相互作用的社会群体中的社会行为，无论是在圈养和野生社会群体，同时收集这些行为的潜在生物学机制的信息。当收到的信息少于预期（例如对比度）或少于社交伙伴（例如，不平等）。不平等在人类社会中几乎无处不在，对不平等环境的负面反应可能会加剧已经糟糕的结果。因此，更好地了解是什么原因导致人类对负面结果做出反应，以及哪些因素可以加剧或理想地改善这些反应至关重要。人类对违背期望的反应既受个体因素的影响，如个性，支配地位和激素谱，也受社会因素的影响，如社会规范，亲属关系和关系质量。人类研究的一个弱点是，这些因素往往是独立研究的，很少考虑社会和个人环境如何相互影响。挑战的一部分是实际的，人类社会涉及如此多的复杂性，以至于几乎不可能在很长一段时间内跟踪每个人的所有关系，并控制在自由行动的社会群体中发生的所有情况。然而，这样一个典型的社会范式对于充分理解个体差异和现实世界的群体动态如何影响我们的决策是必要的。这项研究将解决这个问题，在社会相关的，群体水平的情况下，在卷尾猴检查决策。卷尾猴是研究这个问题的理想物种。像人类一样，卷尾猴是高度社会化的，经常合作，并系统地对不平等产生强烈的负面反应。然而，以前所有关于非人类灵长类动物不平等的研究都是在圈养条件下进行的，绝大多数研究都依赖于个体在与社会群体分开时的行为。因此，卷尾猴是否在更社会和生态相关的环境中保持对不平等的厌恶仍然是未知的。这项研究将探讨在完整的社会群体中的不平等的反应，无论是在圈养在格鲁吉亚州立大学和在阿根廷伊瓜苏的领域，让前所未有的机会，比较社会决策在受控的实验室环境和现实世界的背景下。这项研究有两个主要目标。首先，通过实施一种新的，实验者免费的范式，允许远程组测试，本研究将探讨社会因素和群体动力学如何影响不公平的反应。第二，本研究将探讨在社会背景下介导不公平反应的生物机制。最近对人类的研究强调了激素在影响决策行为方面的重要性。然而，这些研究是在正常社会环境之外进行的。这项研究将整合粪便激素分析的非侵入性措施，以评估激素水平如何介导个体差异对不平等的反应，或者激素与社会环境之间的相互作用，这将有助于揭示推动个体差异的生物机制决策行为。