Hormones, social dynamics, and variation in responses to inequity in social group settings

激素、社会动态以及对社会群体环境中不平等反应的变化

基本信息

批准号：
1714923
负责人：
Marcela Benitez
金额：
$ 13.8万
依托单位：
Benitez Marcela E
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-09-01 至 2019-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1714923&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Hormones social dynamics variation responses

项目摘要

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. The current project allows for a groundbreaking new way to study social behavior in intact, interacting social groups, both in captive and wild social groups, while collecting information on underlying biological mechanisms to these behaviors. Humans vary in how they respond when receiving less than expected (e.g. contrast) or less than a social partner (e.g., inequity). Inequity is almost ubiquitous in human society, and negative reactions to inequitable circumstances can exacerbate already bad outcomes. Thus, it is critical to better understand what causes humans to respond to negative outcomes, and what factors can exacerbate or, ideally, ameliorate, these reactions. Humans responses to violated expectations are influenced by both individual factors, such as personality, dominance, and hormone profiles, and social factors, such as societal norms, kinship, and relationship quality. One of the weaknesses of human studies is that these factors are often examined independently, with little regard for how social and individual contexts influence one another. Part of the challenge is practical, human societies involve so much complexity that it is nearly impossible to follow all of each individuals' relationships over an extended time period and to control all the circumstances that occur in freely acting social groups. Yet, such a socially typical paradigm is necessary to fully understand how individual differences and real-world group dynamics influence our decisions. This research will address this problem, examining decision-making in a socially relevant, group-level context in capuchin monkeys. Capuchin monkeys are an ideal species in which to study this question. Like humans, capuchins are highly social, routinely cooperate, and systematically experience strong negative reactions to inequity. Yet, all previous studies on inequity in nonhuman primates have been conducted in captivity and the vast majority have relied on how individuals behave when in pairs separated from their social group. As a result, whether capuchins maintain their aversion to inequity in more social and ecologically relevant environment remains unknown. This research will examine response to inequity in intact social groups both at in captivity at Georgia State University and in the field in Iguazu Argentina, allowing the unprecedented opportunity to compare social decision-making in a controlled laboratory setting and in a real-world context. This research has two main goals. First, by implementing a novel, experimenter-free paradigm that allows for remote group testing, this research will investigate how social factors and group dynamics influence responses to inequity. Second, this study will examine the biological mechanisms mediating response to inequity within a social context. Recent research in humans has highlighted the importance of hormones in influencing decision-making behavior. However, again, these studies have been conducted outside of the context of a normal social environment. This research will integrate noninvasive measures of fecal hormone analyses to assess how individual differences in response to inequity may be mediated by hormone levels, or an interaction between hormones and social context, that will be insightful in uncovering the biological mechanisms driving individual differences in decision-making behavior.

该奖项是NSF的社会，行为和经济科学博士后研究金（SPRF）计划的一部分。 SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门以及政府的科学职业准备有前途的早期职业博士学位科学家。 SPRF奖项涉及在既定科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。 NSF试图促进科学界各个细分市场的科学家的参与，包括来自代表性不足的群体的研究计划和活动；博士后时期被认为是实现这一目标的重要水平。每个博士后研究员都必须解决重要的科学问题，以推进各自的学科领域。当前的项目允许一种开创性的新方法来研究完整，与野生社会群体中的社交群体相互作用的社会行为，同时收集有关这些行为的基本生物学机制的信息。人类在收到少于预期（例如对比度）或比社会伙伴（例如不平等）时的响应方式有所不同。在人类社会中，不平等几乎无处不在，对不平等情况的负面反应会加剧已经不良的结果。因此，至关重要的是要更好地理解导致人类对负面结果的反应，以及哪些因素会加剧或理想地改善这些反应，这一点至关重要。人类对违反期望的反应都受到个体因素的影响，例如人格，统治和激素概况以及社会因素，例如社会规范，亲属关系和关系质量。人类研究的弱点之一是，这些因素经常被独立研究，而对社会和个人环境如何相互影响。挑战的一部分是实用的，人类社会涉及如此复杂，以至于几乎不可能在长时间的时间段内跟随每个人的所有关系并控制自由代理社会群体中发生的所有情况。然而，这种社会上典型的范式对于充分了解个体差异和现实群体动态如何影响我们的决策是必要的。这项研究将解决这个问题，研究卷尾猴与社会相关的群体级环境中的决策。卷尾猴是研究这个问题的理想物种。像人类一样，尾卷是高度社交，经常合作的，并且系统地对不平等产生了强烈的负面反应。然而，所有先前关于非人类灵长类动物不平等的研究均已在囚禁中进行，绝大多数人都依赖于个人与社会群体分离的个人的行为。结果，在更社会和生态相关的环境中，胶囊是否保持对不平等的厌恶仍然未知。这项研究将研究佐治亚州立大学和阿根廷伊瓜苏的完整社会群体对不平等的反应，从而允许在受控的实验室环境和现实世界中比较社会决策的前所未有的机会。这项研究有两个主要目标。首先，通过实施一个允许远程组测试的新颖，无实验者的范式，这项研究将研究社会因素和群体动态如何影响对不平等的反应。其次，这项研究将研究社会环境中介导对不平等的反应的生物学机制。在人类方面的最新研究强调了激素在影响决策行为方面的重要性。但是，这些研究再次是在正常社会环境的背景下进行的。这项研究将整合粪便激素分析的无创测量，以评估如何通过激素水平介导对不平等的响应响应，或激素与激素与社会环境之间的相互作用介导，这些差异将对揭示驱动决策行为中个体差异的生物学机制有见地。