Preparing for the DKIST Era: Numerical Modeling of the Lower Solar Atmosphere

太阳磁场在连接不同层、为太阳大气层的各个区域供电以及驱动“太空天气”方面发挥着关键作用。新一代地面望远镜的详细观测可以帮助我们更好地了解太阳的磁场。为了解释这些观测结果，我们需要对太阳大气中发生的物理过程有更全面的了解。这个研究项目将使用先进的计算机模型来确定太阳低层大气中影响太阳磁场的关键过程。因此，该项目将使公共投资建造的望远镜能够有效使用。它还将为K-12学生和本科生提供科学丰富和研究经验。研究小组将对太阳色球层进行三维数值模拟，以帮助解释来自Daniel K. Inouye太阳望远镜（DKIST）和阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列（ALMA）等望远镜的高分辨率观测结果。该团队将使用数值代码Bifrost进行模拟，这将包括对双极性扩散和非平衡电离等物理过程的现实处理，以及它们在大范围尺寸尺度上的影响。模拟还将产生可与DKIST和ALMA的数据进行比较的合成观测结果，以确定驱动太阳色球层动力学和加热的过程。

The Sun's magnetic field plays a critical role in connecting the different layers and powering the various regions of the solar atmosphere, as well as in driving "space weather." Detailed observations with a new generation of ground-based telescopes could help us better understand the Sun's magnetic field. To interpret these observations, we need to develop a more complete knowledge of the physical processes occurring in the solar atmosphere. This research project will use advanced computer models to identify key processes in the lower solar atmosphere that influence the Sun's magnetic field. The project will thus enable the effective use of telescopes built with public investment. It will also provide science enrichment and research experience to K-12 students and undergraduate students.The research team will perform three-dimensional numerical simulations of the solar chromosphere to help interpret sensitive high-resolution observations from telescopes such as the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The team will employ the numerical code Bifrost for the simulations, which will include a realistic treatment of physical processes such as ambipolar diffusion and non-equilibrium ionization, as well as their effects over a wide range of size scales. The simulations will also yield synthetic observables that can be compared to data from DKIST and ALMA to identify processes that drive the dynamics and heating of solar chromosphere.