Preparing for the DKIST Era: Numerical Modeling of the Lower Solar Atmosphere

太阳的磁场在连接不同的层和为太阳大气的各个区域提供动力方面起着至关重要的作用，并且在驱动“空间天气”方面也起着关键作用。“新一代地面望远镜的详细观测可以帮助我们更好地了解太阳的磁场。 为了解释这些观测结果，我们需要对太阳大气中发生的物理过程有更完整的了解。 该研究项目将使用先进的计算机模型来确定太阳低层大气中影响太阳磁场的关键过程。 因此，该项目将使利用公共投资建造的望远镜得到有效利用。 该研究团队将对太阳色球层进行三维数值模拟，以帮助解释丹尼尔K. Inouye太阳望远镜（DKIST）和阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列（阿尔马）。 该团队将采用数值代码Bifrost进行模拟，其中将包括对双极扩散和非平衡电离等物理过程的现实处理，以及它们在各种尺寸尺度上的影响。 模拟还将产生合成观测值，可以与DKIST和阿尔马的数据进行比较，以确定驱动太阳色球层动态和加热的过程。

The Sun's magnetic field plays a critical role in connecting the different layers and powering the various regions of the solar atmosphere, as well as in driving "space weather." Detailed observations with a new generation of ground-based telescopes could help us better understand the Sun's magnetic field. To interpret these observations, we need to develop a more complete knowledge of the physical processes occurring in the solar atmosphere. This research project will use advanced computer models to identify key processes in the lower solar atmosphere that influence the Sun's magnetic field. The project will thus enable the effective use of telescopes built with public investment. It will also provide science enrichment and research experience to K-12 students and undergraduate students.The research team will perform three-dimensional numerical simulations of the solar chromosphere to help interpret sensitive high-resolution observations from telescopes such as the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The team will employ the numerical code Bifrost for the simulations, which will include a realistic treatment of physical processes such as ambipolar diffusion and non-equilibrium ionization, as well as their effects over a wide range of size scales. The simulations will also yield synthetic observables that can be compared to data from DKIST and ALMA to identify processes that drive the dynamics and heating of solar chromosphere.