FSML: Quantifying carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in freshwater lakes

淡水是地球上生态地球化学的“热点”，在全球生态地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用，是两种重要温室气体CO2和CH 4的净来源。这些气体在大气和淡水之间的交换是间歇性的，这使得模拟这些通量变得困难。该提案的目标是获得能够量化这些气体在水生系统中的通量的仪器，并提高明尼苏达大学两个野外站的研究能力，以支持以下科学：（a）量化物质方面的变化，水生系统的化学和生物环境以及（B）了解水生生态系统的驱动因素和反应，以及通过CO2和CH 4通量与大气的反馈。这里要求的基础设施将在明尼苏达大学的两个一流的野外站，伊塔斯卡生物站和实验室（IBS）和雪松溪生态系统科学保护区（CC）建立研究，教学和推广能力。它将量化两种最重要的温室气体的通量，并促进对控制向大气排放的机制的理解。拟议的仪器将提供激励内部和外部的研究人员使用IBS和CC。IBS和CC的三个非常不同的生态系统将用于物理，化学和生物变量的高时间分辨率。拟议中的关于标志性的雪松沼泽湖和附近水体的工作将把CC的研究重点扩展到湿地、河流和湖泊。这两个监测站的水体具有多样性梯度，因此可以进行比较研究。这些数据将有助于全球湖泊监测网络（GLEON），Cotner和Knoll都为该网络做出了贡献。两个外地工作站都有广泛的外联渠道。来自湖泊的数据将实时显示在每个站点的游客站和许多学校和公共图尔斯旅游。学校的一个科学项目，InSciEd Out，专注于K-8学生，将使用这些数据来帮助生成假设和实验，重点是湖泊和湿地的功能。最后，这项工作将影响科学和社会，为理解水生系统和大气之间的交流提供重要的基础设施，这是湖泊学和大气科学中一个知之甚少的领域。它还将通过培训从幼儿园到研究生院及以后的许多科学家来影响社会。

Freshwaters are biogeochemical 'hot spots' on Earth that play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles, and they are net sources of two important greenhouse gases, CO2 and CH4. The exchanges of these gases between the atmosphere and freshwater are episodic which makes modeling these fluxes difficult. The goal of this proposal is to obtain instrumentation that will enable quantifying fluxes of these gases in aquatic systems and increase the research capabilities of two University of Minnesota field stations to support science that will: (a) quantify changes in the physical, chemical and biological environment of aquatic systems and (b) understand drivers and responses of aquatic ecosystems and feedbacks with the atmosphere via CO2 and CH4 fluxes. The infrastructure requested here will build research, teaching and outreach capacity at two of the University of Minnesota's superb field stations, Itasca Biological Station and Laboratories(IBS) and Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve (CC). It will quantify fluxes of two of the most important greenhouse gases and facilitate understanding of mechanisms that regulate releases to the atmosphere. The proposed instrumentation will provide incentive for both internal and external researchers to use IBS and CC. Three very different ecological systems at IBS and CC will be instrumented for high temporal resolution of physical, chemical and biological variables. The proposed work on iconic Cedar Bog Lake and nearby water bodies would extend the research focus at CC to wetlands, rivers and lakes. The water bodies at the two stations represent a gradient of diversity that will enable comparative studies. These data will contribute to a global lakes monitoring network (GLEON), to which both Cotner and Knoll contribute. There are extensive avenues for outreach at both field stations. Data from the lakes will be displayed in real-time at visitor stations and numerous school and public tours at each site. A science in the schools program, InSciEd Out, which is focused on K-8 students will use these data to help generate hypotheses and experiments focused on how lakes and wetlands function. Lastly, this work will impact science and society by providing important infrastructure for understanding exchanges between aquatic systems and the atmosphere, a poorly understood area of limnology and atmospheric science. It will also impact society through the training of many scientists, from kindergarten through graduate school and beyond.