SHINE: Physics of the Interplanetary Electric Potential and Modifications to Exosphere Models of the Solar Wind

这次SHINE调查的重点是恒星风的产生，并将提供有关自然等离子体双层物理学的信息。恒星风的产生对于其他天体物理系统以及理解地球和其他行星系统所受的太阳风都很重要。首席研究员在作为一个SHINE-GEM联络，太阳/太阳风问题和地球空间问题是两个研究社区之间的沟通，并在洛斯阿拉莫斯空间天气暑期学校，他的研究调查已被用来创建学生的研究项目活跃。这3-一年的“阳光调查”将改进太阳风散逸层模型的物理学，并将确定这些改进如何影响主要的进展将是用由在太阳风等离子体中传播的多个弱双层组成的势取代静态（在太阳参考系中）行星际势。离子对运动势结构的变化反应（而不是太阳静止势结构）将导致：（1）质子和重离子的终端速度随外底电子速度分布函数的变化而变化，（2）加速太阳风所需的总静电势的相关变化，（3）加热，而不是冷却，（4）质子和重离子向外加速度的差异。使用多个双层作为行星际电场外逸层模型中的电势形式，将导致一个物理上更正确的模型，并应克服现有外逸层模型的几个缺点。作为SHINE项目的一个基本组成部分，将运行PIC等离子体模拟，以识别太阳风双层的关键特性，作为外逸层模型的输入。

This SHINE Investigation focuses on the production of stellar winds and will provide information about the physics of double layers in natural plasmas. Stellar winds production is important for other astrophysical systems as well as understanding the solar wind that the Earth and other planetary systems are subject to. The Principal Investigator in acts as a SHINE-GEM Liaison where solar/solar-wind issues and geospace issues are communicated between two research communities and is active in the Los Alamos Space Weather Summer School where his research investigations have been used to create student research projects.This 3-year SHINE Investigation will make improvements to the physics of exosphere models of the solar wind and will determine how those improvements affect the properties of the solar wind and the exobase that drives it. The major advance will be to replace a static (in the Sun's reference frame) interplanetary potential with a potential made up of multiple weak double layers propagating in the solar wind plasma. The changed reaction of ions to moving potential structures (instead of a Sun-stationary potential structure) will result in: (1) changed terminal velocities for the protons and heavy ions as a function of the electron velocity distribution function at the exobase, (2) a related change in the total electrostatic potential needed to accelerate the solar wind, (3) heating, rather than cooling, of the ions as they are accelerated, (4) differences in the outward acceleration of protons and heavy ions. Using multiple double layers as the form of the potential in exosphere models for the interplanetary electric field will result in a more-physically correct model and should overcome several of the shortcomings that existing exosphere models have. As a fundamental part of this SHINE project, PIC plasma simulations will be run to discern critical properties of solar-wind double layers as inputs to the exosphere model.