Collaborative Research: Marine Aerosols in the Arctic: Linking surface water chemistry and biology with primary particle production

这个由密歇根大学、毕格罗海洋科学实验室和维拉诺瓦大学合作的项目将调查北冰洋表面和上面大气之间的相互作用。北极经历了戏剧性的海冰融化和地表温度上升。这些变化影响了海-气交换过程，这不仅是由于更大的开阔水域，而且也是在日益破裂的海冰地区。这些变化会影响海洋微生物，进而影响大气成分。该团队将研究大气成分变化对云的形成、性质和降水的影响，从而影响气候的可能性。在美国-瑞典联合巡航破冰船奥登号期间，将进行实验，以更好地了解北极海水产生的海洋气溶胶的物理性质和化学组成。利用在几种海冰和开阔水域条件下收集的海水，也将在奥登号上进行受控大气气溶胶产生实验。在巡航期间，将对海水的生物和化学进行采样，并将其与环境空气中测量的气溶胶成分以及船上海水产生的气溶胶成分进行比较。测量的重点将是单个气溶胶粒子的性质、有机化合物分子组成和微生物学。将描述海水微生物学和气溶胶成分、形态和水吸收之间的具体联系。将界定和量化海洋气溶胶来源的性质，以便在气候模型中使用，以增进对北极海洋-大气联系的了解。该项目将使人们对北极海洋气溶胶的生产及其与海水微生物学的联系有了前所未有的了解。这将改进对快速变化的北极系统的北极气溶胶成分和云量的预测。综合教育和宣传项目活动将提高人们对北极变化的认识，并加强调查人员对教育和公共宣传的长期承诺。该项目由三名女性研究人员领导，将有3名初出茅庐的科学家、2名博士生、1名硕士研究生、5名本科生(包括参加一所本科院校的研究人员)以及底特律市中心一所高中的1名学生参与。一部关于北冰洋变化的纪录片和这个研究项目将由维拉诺瓦通信专业的学生制作。皮普拉特将担任参加底特律研究实习暑期体验的高中生的导师，皮普拉特和皮奥特的研究小组将与在数学、工程和科学计划方面表现更出色的女性进行外联。联合PIS Grannas和Matrai将继续分别与费城和缅因湾岛屿的乡村学校开展长期的外联合作。

This collaborative project between the University of Michigan, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, and Villanova University, will investigate the interactions between the surface of the Arctic Ocean and the atmosphere above. The Arctic has experienced dramatic sea ice loss and increasing surface temperatures. These changes affect air-sea exchange processes, not solely due to larger areas of open water, but also in areas of increasingly broken sea-ice. These changes impact ocean microbiology, which in turn influences atmospheric composition. The team will examine the potential for changes in the atmospheric composition to impact cloud formation, properties, and precipitation, which subsequently affect climate. During the joint U.S.-Sweden cruise of the Icebreaker Oden, experiments will be conducted to better understand the physical properties and chemical makeup of marine aerosols produced from Arctic seawater. Using seawater collected under several combinations of sea ice and open water conditions, controlled atmospheric aerosol generation experiments will also be conducted aboard the Oden. The biology and chemistry of seawater will be sampled during the cruise and compared to the composition of measured aerosols in the ambient air, as well as those generated from seawater on the ship. Measurements will focus on individual aerosol particle properties, organic compound molecular composition, and microbiology. Specific links between seawater microbiology and aerosol composition, morphology, and water uptake will be described. The nature of marine aerosol sources will be defined and quantified for use in climate models to improve understanding of Arctic ocean-atmosphere connections. The project will result in an unprecedented level of understanding of Arctic marine aerosol production and links to seawater microbiology. This will lead to improved predictions of Arctic aerosol composition and clouds for the rapidly changing Arctic system. Integrated educational and outreach project activities will increase awareness of Arctic change and build upon the investigators' longstanding commitment to education and public outreach. The project, led by three female investigators, will involve 3 early-career scientists, 2 Ph.D. students, 1 M.S. student, 5+ undergraduate students (including participation of a Research in an Undergraduate Institution), and 1 student from an inner city high school in Detroit. A short documentary film on the changing Arctic Ocean and this research project will be made by Villanova communications majors. PI Pratt will serve as the mentor for the high school student participating in the Detroit Research Internship Summer Experience, and the research groups of PI Pratt and co-PI Ault will conduct outreach with the Females Excelling More in Math, Engineering, and the Sciences program. Co-PIs Grannas and Matrai will continue longstanding outreach collaborations with Philadelphia and rural schools in the islands of the Gulf of Maine, respectively.