Collaborative Research: Marine Aerosols in the Arctic: Linking surface water chemistry and biology with primary particle production

密歇根大学、毕格罗海洋科学实验室和维拉诺瓦大学之间的这个合作项目将研究北冰洋表面与大气之间的相互作用。北极经历了巨大的海冰损失和不断上升的表面温度。这些变化影响到海气交换过程，不仅是因为开阔水域面积扩大，而且也是因为海冰日益破碎。这些变化影响海洋微生物学，进而影响大气成分。该团队将研究大气成分变化对云的形成、性质和降水的影响，从而影响气候。在联合国-瑞典“奥登”号破冰船巡航，将进行实验，以更好地了解北极海水产生的海洋气溶胶的物理特性和化学构成。还将利用在海冰和开放水域条件的几种组合下收集的海水，在奥登号上进行受控大气气溶胶生成实验。巡航期间将对海水的生物和化学进行取样，并与环境空气中测得的气溶胶成分以及船上海水产生的气溶胶成分进行比较。测量将侧重于单个气溶胶颗粒特性、有机化合物分子组成和微生物学。海水微生物学和气溶胶的组成，形态和水的吸收之间的具体联系将被描述。将对海洋气溶胶源的性质进行界定和量化，以用于气候模型，增进对北极海洋-大气关系的了解。 该项目将使人们对北极海洋气溶胶的产生及其与海水微生物学的联系有前所未有的了解。这将导致改进对北极气溶胶组成和云的预测，以适应迅速变化的北极系统。综合教育和外联项目活动将提高对北极变化的认识，并加强调查人员对教育和公共外联的长期承诺。该项目由三名女性研究人员领导，将涉及3名早期职业科学家，2名博士。学生，1 M.S.学生，5+本科生（包括在本科院校的研究参与），以及1名来自底特律市中心高中的学生。维拉诺瓦通讯专业的学生将制作一部关于不断变化的北冰洋和该研究项目的纪录短片。PI普拉特将担任导师的高中生参加底特律研究实习暑期经验，PI普拉特和合作PI奥尔特的研究小组将进行推广与女性更擅长数学，工程和科学计划。格兰纳斯和马特莱将分别继续与费城和缅因州湾岛屿上的农村学校进行长期的外联合作。

This collaborative project between the University of Michigan, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, and Villanova University, will investigate the interactions between the surface of the Arctic Ocean and the atmosphere above. The Arctic has experienced dramatic sea ice loss and increasing surface temperatures. These changes affect air-sea exchange processes, not solely due to larger areas of open water, but also in areas of increasingly broken sea-ice. These changes impact ocean microbiology, which in turn influences atmospheric composition. The team will examine the potential for changes in the atmospheric composition to impact cloud formation, properties, and precipitation, which subsequently affect climate. During the joint U.S.-Sweden cruise of the Icebreaker Oden, experiments will be conducted to better understand the physical properties and chemical makeup of marine aerosols produced from Arctic seawater. Using seawater collected under several combinations of sea ice and open water conditions, controlled atmospheric aerosol generation experiments will also be conducted aboard the Oden. The biology and chemistry of seawater will be sampled during the cruise and compared to the composition of measured aerosols in the ambient air, as well as those generated from seawater on the ship. Measurements will focus on individual aerosol particle properties, organic compound molecular composition, and microbiology. Specific links between seawater microbiology and aerosol composition, morphology, and water uptake will be described. The nature of marine aerosol sources will be defined and quantified for use in climate models to improve understanding of Arctic ocean-atmosphere connections. The project will result in an unprecedented level of understanding of Arctic marine aerosol production and links to seawater microbiology. This will lead to improved predictions of Arctic aerosol composition and clouds for the rapidly changing Arctic system. Integrated educational and outreach project activities will increase awareness of Arctic change and build upon the investigators' longstanding commitment to education and public outreach. The project, led by three female investigators, will involve 3 early-career scientists, 2 Ph.D. students, 1 M.S. student, 5+ undergraduate students (including participation of a Research in an Undergraduate Institution), and 1 student from an inner city high school in Detroit. A short documentary film on the changing Arctic Ocean and this research project will be made by Villanova communications majors. PI Pratt will serve as the mentor for the high school student participating in the Detroit Research Internship Summer Experience, and the research groups of PI Pratt and co-PI Ault will conduct outreach with the Females Excelling More in Math, Engineering, and the Sciences program. Co-PIs Grannas and Matrai will continue longstanding outreach collaborations with Philadelphia and rural schools in the islands of the Gulf of Maine, respectively.