Doctoral Dissertation Research: Why adapt? Phonotactic learning as non-native language adaptation

博士论文研究：为什么要适应？

• 批准号: 1728173
• 负责人: Matthew Goldrick
• 金额: $ 1.01万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1728173&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Why; adapt

In order to successfully communicate, listeners must continuously adapt to systematic differences between speakers (e.g., changing expectations about what you will hear based on a speaker's dialect). At the same time, listeners need to ignore incidental variation (e.g., if a speaker happens to be talking with their mouth full, you should not change how you expect they will speak after they have finished eating; Kraljic, Brennan, & Samuel, 2008). In this study, a series of experiments examine the limits of adaptation to novel phonotactics, or constraints on syllable structure (e.g. in English, but not Spanish, the sequence /sk/ can begin syllables, such as in the word school). This project tests the hypothesis that speakers use their past experience of phonotactic variation to distinguish systematic from incidental variation. Speakers naturally encounter variation in phonotactics between talkers of different languages, but do not encounter such variation between talkers of the same language; this predicts that speakers will only adapt to talker-specific syllable structures when exposed to talkers who differ in their language backgrounds (e.g., a native French talker and a native English talker). This hypothesis is explored in three experiments. In study 1, listeners are exposed to two talkers, each with a different phonotactic constraint, in a perception experiment. Adaptation to talker-specific constraints is predicted only when talkers differ in language background. Study 2 explores the role of talker language background on adaptation to phonotactics in speech production, using a tongue twister paradigm. Study 3 investigates the structure and granularity of listeners' prior knowledge. Can listeners hold models of only a native vs. non-native language, or can they maintain models for two separate non-native languages?

为了成功地沟通，听众必须不断适应说话者之间的系统差异（例如，根据说话者的方言改变对你将听到什么的期望）。同时，听众需要忽略偶然的变化（例如，如果说话者碰巧嘴里塞满东西在说话，你不应该改变你对他们吃完东西后说话的期望; Kraljic、Brennan、Samuel，2008年）。在这项研究中，一系列的实验研究适应新的音位结构的限制，或对音节结构的限制（例如，在英语中，但不是西班牙语，序列/sk/可以开始开始音节，如在单词学校）。这个项目测试的假设，即扬声器使用他们过去的经验，语音的变化，以区分系统的偶然变化。说话者自然会遇到不同语言的说话者之间的音位结构的变化，但不会遇到相同语言的说话者之间的这种变化;这预示着说话者只会在暴露于不同语言背景的说话者时适应说话者特定的音节结构（例如，一个以法语为母语的人和一个以英语为母语的人）。这个假设在三个实验中进行了探索。在研究1中，听者被暴露给两个说话者，每个人都有一个不同的语音定向约束，在知觉实验。只有当说话者的语言背景不同时，才能预测对说话者特定约束的适应。研究二以绕口令为研究范式，探讨说话人的语言背景对语音顺应的影响。研究三考察了听者先验知识的结构和粒度。侦听器可以只保存一种本地语言与非本地语言的模型吗？或者可以维护两种不同的非本地语言的模型吗？