Doctoral Dissertation Research: Role of Prior Knowledge in Consolidation of Novel Phonotactic Patterns for Speech Production

博士论文研究：先验知识在巩固语音生成的新型语音模式中的作用

• 批准号: 2116802
• 负责人: Matthew Goldrick
• 金额: $ 1.1万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2023-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2116802&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Role; Prior

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).Learning a new language opens up a myriad of opportunities for cross-cultural communication, which is critical to remaining competitive in today's globally networked information economy. But language learning is difficult, especially for adults, who must integrate new language experience with the language knowledge they already have. Previous research has found that sleep-based consolidation - an improvement in what you can recall as a result of sleep - is critical to this integration. In fact, we must sleep before novel phonotactics - language-specific generalizations about how sounds can be ordered within syllables and words - become ingrained in speech processing (specifically, unconsciously shaping the errors we make while speaking). This project asks what role prior knowledge plays in this process: Can knowing similar phonotactics boost the effectiveness of sleep-based consolidation for learning novel phonotactics? The findings of this research can inform the design of curricula and interventions to make language learning more effective, and can also shed light on how our brain changes as we learn. The project also includes the training of an undergraduate student as a research assistant and involves outreach about language learning to inform the larger public.This project aims to clarify the role of prior knowledge in consolidating second-order phonotactic generalizations for speech production, by analyzing errors made in multi-day tongue-twister experiments that manipulate the structural similarity of novel second-order phonotactic generalizations with respect to previously-learned phonotactic generalizations. Structural similarity is operationalized in terms of syllabic positions involved in each generalization (onset-vowel, vowel-coda). Two sources of prior knowledge are considered: participants' native language and pre-training using the experimental tongue-twister task. Activity monitors estimating time spent in slow-wave sleep are used to link consolidation effects observed in this study to those observed in studies in other cognitive and linguistic domains. To control for temporal-order differences between onset-vowel vs. vowel-coda generalizations, a non-linguistic button-pressing task tests for the absence of differences in learning start-middle vs. middle-end patterns. The project also includes the training of an undergraduate student as a research assistant and involves outreach about language learning to inform the larger public.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是根据2021年《美国救援计划法》的全部或部分资助（公共法117-2）。学习新语言为跨文化交流提供了无数的机会，这对于在当今全球网络信息经济中保持竞争力至关重要。但是语言学习很困难，尤其是对于成年人，他们必须将新语言经验与他们已经拥有的语言知识相结合。先前的研究发现，基于睡眠的合并 - 由于睡眠而导致的回想起的改进 - 对这种整合至关重要。实际上，我们必须在新颖的语音疗法之前入睡 - 关于如何在音节和单词中订购声音的语言特定概括 - 在语音处理中根深蒂固（特别是，不自觉地塑造了我们在讲话时犯的错误）。该项目询问先验知识在这一过程中的角色何种作用：可以知道类似的音调能力提高基于睡眠的合并对学习新型Phonotactics的有效性吗？这项研究的发现可以为课程和干预措施的设计提供信息，以使语言学习更有效，还可以阐明我们的大脑在学习过程中的变化。该项目还包括培训本科生为研究助理的培训，并涉及有关语言学习的宣传，以告知较大的公众。该项目旨在通过分析以多天天的舌头态度实验来阐明二阶Phorotactic概括在整合二阶Phorotactic语音生产中的作用，从而使pollotiz的结构性相似，以此为综合序列效果，以前态度良好地进行了态度，以前是态度良好的态度。结构相似性是根据每种概括（元音元音，元音-CADA）所涉及的音节位置进行操作的。考虑了两个先验知识的来源：参与者使用实验性扭动扭曲的任务的参与者的母语和预训练。活性监测器估计在慢波睡眠中所花费的时间用于将本研究中观察到的巩固效应与其他认知和语言领域的研究中观察到的效应联系起来。为了控制发元元音与元音-CODA概括之间的时间订单差异，对于缺乏学习开始中间与中端模式缺乏差异的非语言纽扣任务测试。该项目还包括培训本科生为研究助理的培训，并涉及有关语言学习的宣传，以告知较大的公众。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，认为值得通过评估来获得支持。