Reentry and Reintegration of Convicted Genocide Perpetrators

被定罪的种族灭绝肇事者重返社会和重返社会

• 批准号: 1728865
• 负责人: Hollie Brehm
• 金额: $ 39.61万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1728865&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Reentry; Reintegration; Convicted; Genocide; Perpetrators

One hundred and forty-seven countries have outlawed genocide since it became a crime of international law, and hundreds of thousands of people -- from Cambodia to Rwanda to Bosnia-Herzegovina -- have been found guilty of genocide, served prison sentences, and returned home. While much research has assessed why genocide happens, no studies have examined how those convicted of genocidal crimes reenter and reintegrate into their communities upon completion of their sentences. Accordingly, this study will interview people convicted of genocidal crimes in Rwanda and will follow them for a two-year period as they leave prison and return home to their communities. Understanding how genocides end and how peace is subsequently produced and reinforced is vital to preventing additional violence. Findings will be widely disseminated to academic, governmental, and public audiences, such as the United Nations Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, the International Center for Transitional Justice, and United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. This project asks two main questions to contribute to literature on prisoner reentry and reintegration, genocide, and disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes in the aftermath of mass violence. First, how do we theorize the process of prisoner reentry and reintegration in the context of genocide? Second, what obstacles do convicted genocidaires face as they reenter society, and what are the individual, family, community, and state-level factors that are associated with successful reintegration? To address these questions, the project will employ a case study of Rwanda, where hundreds of thousands of civilians were convicted of participating in the 1994 genocide and are now returning home. The PI will interview 250 of these convicted genocidaires at four times throughout their reintegration processes. This longitudinal design will enable an examination of the processes of peacebuilding at local levels over time.

自从种族灭绝成为国际法上的一种罪行以来，已有147个国家宣布种族灭绝为非法，从柬埔寨到卢旺达到波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那，数十万人被判犯有种族灭绝罪，服刑并返回家园。虽然许多研究评估了种族灭绝为何发生，但没有研究审查那些被判犯有种族灭绝罪的人在刑满后如何重新进入和融入社区。因此，本研究将采访在卢旺达被判犯有种族灭绝罪的人，并在他们离开监狱返回社区时对其进行为期两年的跟踪。了解种族灭绝如何结束以及随后如何产生和加强和平，对于防止更多的暴力至关重要。 调查结果将广泛分发给学术界、政府和公众，如联合国防止灭绝种族罪行问题特别顾问、过渡时期司法国际中心和联合国维持和平行动。该项目提出了两个主要问题，以促进关于囚犯重返社会和重返社会、种族灭绝以及大规模暴力事件后的解除武装、复员和重返社会进程的文献。第一，我们如何从理论上解释灭绝种族背景下囚犯重返社会的过程？第二，被定罪的种族灭绝者在重返社会时面临哪些障碍，与成功重返社会相关的个人、家庭、社区和国家层面的因素是什么？为了解决这些问题，该项目将采用卢旺达的案例研究，那里有数十万平民因参与1994年种族灭绝而被定罪，现在正在返回家园。在这些被定罪的种族灭绝犯重返社会的整个过程中，PI将对其中250人进行四次访谈。这一纵向设计将有助于审查地方各级建设和平的进程。