Collaborative Research: Food Sovereignty and Self-Governance--Inuit Role in Managing Arctic Marine Resources

合作研究：粮食主权和自治——因纽特人在管理北极海洋资源中的作用

• 批准号: 1732373
• 负责人: CAROLINA behe
• 金额: $ 49.4万
• 依托单位: Inuit Circumpolar Conference
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2022-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1732373&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Food; Sovereignty; Self

Inuit possess a distinct and sophisticated knowledge of the Artic ecosystem which is crucial to its balance and sustainability. As first inhabitants, stewards, and traditional users intimately tied to the Arctic environment, the discrete status, rights, and interests of Inuit as Indigenous Peoples are affirmed in a number of legally binding treaties, as well as other international human rights instruments and domestic laws. Inuit authorities, organizations, and communities are central to the establishment and maintenance of effective mechanisms for safeguarding this ecologically and culturally unique region.The Food Sovereignty and Self-Governance Project aims to advance understanding of Inuit self-governance of marine resources deemed crucial for Inuit food security. This includes exploring how Inuit co-management systems support food sovereignty objectives - outcomes that are essential for supporting human rights of Inuit communities. This project will examine the role Inuit communities in Alaska and Canada play in managing these resources as co-equal partners with their counterparts in federal, state, and local government agencies. The results derived from the research will prove valuable to other Arctic federal governments collaborating with Indigenous communities to achieve objectives related to the environmental, social, and ecological well-being of the Arctic. The project's overarching goals are to:1) Synthesize the existing legal frameworks providing for Inuit self-governance by evaluating applicable legal authorities in the United States (U.S.) and Canada;2) Determine how existing Inuit self-governance approaches operate in practice by examining four co-management case studies as examples of approaches to food sovereignty. This will provide a comprehensive understanding of the social, political, and institutional parameters affecting implementation of key legal frameworks;3) Understand whether and how Inuit self-governance systems support food sovereignty by comparing food sovereignty objectives against both these legal frameworks and observation of the implementation of those systems in practice; and4) Disseminate Project findings to Inuit, state/territorial, national, and international leaders with the goal of supporting and driving improvements to systems providing for collaborative management of Arctic marine resources in the face of rapid ecological change.The Project Team will take a two-tiered analytical approach to address these goals: (1) doctrinal legal research that evaluates legal and institutional frameworks; and (2) socio-legal analysis through case-studies. The legal research will examine relevant laws, regulations, and policies at all levels of government, building a framework essential to understanding how Arctic collaborative governance functions in theory. The case studies will take the next step - moving from how these governance systems should work to how they operate in practice - and, ultimately, how they could be improved in a manner which optimizes outcomes for food sovereignty, human rights, and resource sustainability. Case studies conducted in partnership with those participating in co-management regimes, will focus on Walrus and Salmon in Alaska and Char and Beluga in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region of Canada. Current partners of this project include:(1) The Eskimo Walrus Commission(2) The Fisheries Joint Management Committee(3) The Inuvialuit Game CouncilOrganizations advising this project include both the Association of Village Council Presidents and the Inuit Circumpolar Council Canada.Project researchers conducting the case study analysis will follow a "co-production of knowledge" approach, in which no one person's information and knowledge is assigned greater inherent value than another's. Researchers with utilize Indigenous Knowledge and social science methodologies. The project will intimately engage with Inuit who play a role in natural resources management in the U.S. and Canadian Arctic under each case study, through focus groups, semi-directive interviews and discussions'all guided by input provided by an expert Advisory Committee. The Project will advance the state of knowledge on how Inuit self-governance approaches support Inuit food sovereignty objectives and resource sustainability. With a combined focus on the United States and Canada, the Project will enable comparative analysis of legal and institutional structures, practices, and perceptions to facilitate critical evaluation of Inuit self-governance over marine resources as embodied in co-management regimes. This research will also be useful for other Arctic nations that are working with Indigenous peoples to achieve the environmental, social, and ecological well-being of the Arctic.

因纽特人对北极生态系统有着独特而复杂的知识，这对北极生态系统的平衡和可持续性至关重要。作为与北极环境密切相关的第一批居民、管理者和传统使用者，因努伊特人作为土著人民的独立地位、权利和利益在一些具有法律约束力的条约以及其他国际人权文书和国内法中得到确认。因努伊特当局、组织和社区是建立和维持保护这一生态和文化独特地区的有效机制的核心，粮食主权和自治项目旨在促进了解因努伊特人对海洋资源的自治，认为这对因努伊特人的粮食安全至关重要。这包括探讨因努伊特人共同管理制度如何支持粮食主权目标----这些成果对于支持因努伊特人社区的人权至关重要。该项目将审查阿拉斯加和加拿大的因纽特人社区在管理这些资源方面所发挥的作用，他们与联邦、州和地方政府机构的对应方是平等的伙伴。从研究中得出的结果将证明有价值的其他北极联邦政府与土著社区合作，以实现有关北极的环境，社会和生态福祉的目标。该项目的总体目标是：1）通过评估美国适用的法律的当局，综合现有的因努伊特人自治法律的框架（美国）加拿大; 2）通过审查四个共同管理案例研究，确定现有的因努伊特自治办法在实践中如何运作，作为实现粮食主权办法的例子。这将提供对影响关键法律的框架实施的社会、政治和体制参数的全面理解;3）通过将粮食主权目标与这些法律的框架进行比较，并观察这些制度在实践中的实施情况，了解因努伊特人自治制度是否以及如何支持粮食主权;和4）向因努伊特人、州/地区、国家、与国际领导人合作，支持和推动改进北极海洋资源协同管理系统，以应对快速的生态变化。将采取两级分析办法来实现这些目标：（1）评价法律的和体制框架的理论法律的研究;（2）通过个案研究进行社会法律的分析。 法律的研究将审查各级政府的相关法律、法规和政策，建立一个框架，这对理解北极合作治理在理论上如何发挥作用至关重要。 这些案例研究将采取下一步行动--从这些治理体系应该如何运作转向它们在实践中如何运作--并最终探讨如何以优化粮食主权、人权和资源可持续性成果的方式加以改进。与参与共同管理制度的各方合作进行的个案研究将侧重于阿拉斯加的海象和鲑鱼以及加拿大Inuvialuit定居区的Char和Beluga。该项目目前的合作伙伴包括：（1）爱斯基摩海象委员会（2）渔业联合管理委员会（3）因纽特人狩猎理事会为该项目提供咨询的组织包括村庄理事会主席协会和加拿大因纽特人北极圈理事会，进行案例研究分析的项目研究人员将遵循“共同生产知识”的办法，其中没有一个人的信息和知识被赋予比另一个人的信息和知识更大的内在价值。研究人员利用土著知识和社会科学方法。该项目将与因纽特人密切接触，他们在每个案例研究中在美国和加拿大北极地区的自然资源管理中发挥作用，通过焦点小组，半指导性访谈和讨论，所有这些都由专家咨询委员会提供的投入指导。该项目将增进对因努伊特人自治办法如何支持因努伊特人粮食主权目标和资源可持续性的了解。该项目以美国和加拿大为重点，将对法律的和体制结构、做法和观念进行比较分析，以促进对共同管理制度所体现的因努伊特人对海洋资源的自治进行严格评价。这项研究也将有助于其他北极国家与土著人民合作，以实现北极的环境，社会和生态福祉。