Community Based Conservancies: Investigating the Prospects for Cooperation and Conflict

基于社区的保护区：调查合作与冲突的前景

• 批准号: 1733817
• 负责人: Carolyn Lesorogol
• 金额: $ 27.51万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1733817&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Community; Based; Conservancies; Investigating; Prospects

The research supported by this award will investigate the efficacy of community-based approaches to protecting natural resources. Natural resources provide environmental services such as clean water and air, genetic diversity, and employment opportunities. How to best manage these resources remains a challenge because of the many, often competing, demands made on them by different groups. Over the last few decades, methods of conservation have undergone significant change from approaches that prohibited any human use of key areas to those that recognize the important role that user communities have to play. Understanding if and how community-based approaches to conservation work is important for assuring that future efforts at designing policies and programs for natural resource protection and utilization are efficient and effective.The researcher has chosen to conduct the research in East Africa because she has found a site where some community-based approaches, which are known as Community Based Conservancies or CBCs, have been operating for some time while others are just being introduced. This allows her to carry out a scientifically rigorous comparative project to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this approach to natural resource management. The region is home to important wildlife species such as lion, elephant, rhino, cheetah and giraffe. These animals live in landscapes alongside communities of livestock herders who depend for their livelihoods on the same resources as the wildlife. Thus, this is an ideal setting in which to understand how community-based approaches to conservation work, their costs and benefits to communities, and whether they are an effective and efficient means of resource management. Data will be collected interviews, observations, surveys, experimental economics, and document analysis. These data will allow the team to study the process of CBC formation, community participation, and how land use rules are designed and implemented. They will assess how CBCs affect cooperation and conflict among CBC members as well as communities that are adjacent to but outside of CBCs. The investigators also will construct computer simulation (agent-based) models to understand how changes brought about by CBCs affect the environment and household well-being. The study will provide education and training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students at two American universities. Study results and the simulation models produced, which will be made publically available, will be applicable to other settings, such as national parks and other key sites in the United States.

该奖项支持的研究将调查基于社区的自然资源保护方法的有效性。自然资源提供清洁水和空气、遗传多样性和就业机会等环境服务。如何最好地管理这些资源仍然是一个挑战，因为不同群体对这些资源提出了许多而且往往是相互竞争的要求。在过去的几十年里，保护方法发生了重大变化，从禁止人类使用关键区域的方法到认识到用户社区必须发挥重要作用的方法。了解是否以及如何以社区为基础的保护工作方法对于确保未来设计自然资源保护和利用政策和计划的工作高效且有效非常重要。研究人员选择在东非进行研究，因为她发现一些基于社区的方法（称为基于社区的保护区或 CBC）已经运行了一段时间，而其他方法刚刚引入。这使她能够开展科学严谨的比较项目，以评估这种自然资源管理方法的优点和缺点。 该地区是狮子、大象、犀牛、猎豹和长颈鹿等重要野生动物物种的家园。这些动物与牧民社区一起生活在景观中，牧民的生计与野生动物相同。因此，这是一个理想的环境，可以了解基于社区的保护方法如何发挥作用、其对社区的成本和效益，以及它们是否是一种有效且高效的资源管理手段。数据将通过访谈、观察、调查、实验经济学和文件分析来收集。这些数据将使团队能够研究 CBC 的形成过程、社区参与以及土地使用规则的设计和实施方式。他们将评估 CBC 如何影响 CBC 成员以及邻近但在 CBC 之外的社区之间的合作和冲突。研究人员还将构建计算机模拟（基于代理）模型，以了解 CBC 带来的变化如何影响环境和家庭福祉。该研究将为两所美国大学的本科生和研究生提供教育和培训机会。研究结果和产生的模拟模型将公开发布，并将适用于其他环境，例如国家公园和美国的其他关键地点。