Program for Development and Demonstration of Pioneering Accelerator Technology

加速器是科学的有力工具和工业的引擎，对社会有着巨大的影响。康奈尔大学的这个研究项目在开创性的工作加速器装置中实现了创新的加速器概念。具体而言，该计划侧重于两个转型主题：(1)用于粒子加速的非常紧凑和节能的超导腔的发展，这将使一种新的强大，紧凑的加速器成为可能；(2)通过一种称为光学随机冷却的技术显着改善粒子对撞机的亮度，该技术有望显着提高粒子束的质量。康奈尔大学在开创性加速器技术上的工作为新型加速器铺平了道路，这些加速器是对材料、生物系统、分子、原子、原子核和自然界中最基本粒子的更强大的探针。这一项目也将对工业加速器产生影响。特别是，康奈尔大学将开发的技术对加速器至关重要，而加速器是医学、国防乃至安全核能的关键工具。这项研究还直接有助于本科生和研究生在前沿科学、工程和技术方面的教育，这是美国劳动力迫切需要的技能。在暑假期间，来自社区大学的学生将在一个他们无法获得的环境中接受研究指导。对许多人来说，这将是一次改变人生的经历。超导射频（SRF）是现代加速器的黄金标准，也是加速带电粒子束的最节能手段，但到目前为止，现有SRF技术的复杂性、尺寸和成本限制了SRF腔在大型科学加速器中的应用。然而，最近的发展导致SRF腔的射频表面电阻急剧降低，允许新一代紧凑的SRF腔。该计划的SRF研究部分将侧重于开发这种非常紧凑的高频SRF腔体。这些将为小型大学、工业、国家安全和医疗应用提供全新的srf驱动加速器，提供坚固、紧凑、节能和高光束功率的加速结构。光学随机冷却比在微波环境下运行的传统随机冷却系统的冷却速度快许多个数量级。较冷的光束更容易聚焦到高强度。使用冷却强子束，质子和重离子对撞机可以获得更高的光度；光学随机冷却是目前电子、正电子和介子主动冷却的唯一候选技术。

Accelerators are powerful tools for science and engines for industry, with enormous impact on society. This research program by Cornell University implements innovative accelerator concepts in pioneering, working accelerator devices. Specifically, this program focuses on two transformational topics: (1) The development of very compact and energy efficient superconducting cavities for particle acceleration, which will enable a new class of powerful, compact accelerators, and (2) dramatic improvements in luminosity of particle colliders via a technique called optical stochastic cooling which promises to significantly improve the quality of particle beams. Cornell University's work on pioneering accelerator technology paves the way for new accelerators that are ever more powerful probes of materials, biological systems, molecules, atoms, nuclei and the most fundamental particles in nature. This program will impact accelerators for industry as well. In particular, the technologies that Cornell will develop are essential for the accelerators that are critical tools for medicine, national defense, and perhaps for safe nuclear energy. This research also contributes directly to the education of undergraduate and graduate students in cutting-edge science, engineering and technology, a skillset urgently needed for the U.S. workforce. During summers, students from community colleges will be mentored in research in an environment that would otherwise be unavailable to them. For many it will be a life altering experience.Superconducting RF (SRF) is the gold-standard for modern accelerators and the most energy efficient means of accelerating a beam of charged particles, but complexity, size, and cost of the current SRF technology until now have limited SRF cavity application to large-scale scientific accelerators. However, recent developments have resulted in drastic reductions of the RF surface resistance of SRF cavities, allowing for a new generation of compact SRF cavities. The SRF research part of this program will focus on the development of such very compact, high-frequency SRF cavities. These will enable completely new SRF-driven accelerators for small-scale university, industrial, national security, and medical applications, by offering robust, compact, energy efficient, and high beam power capable accelerating structures. Optical stochastic cooling promises many orders of magnitude faster cooling rates than conventional stochastic cooling systems that operate in the microwave regime. A cooler beam is more readily focused to high intensity. With cooled hadron beams, proton and heavy ion colliders can achieve significantly higher luminosities; and optical stochastic cooling is presently the only candidate technology for active cooling of electrons, positrons, and muons.