US GEOTRACES PMT: Cobalt Biogeochemical Cycling and Connections to Metalloenzymes in the Pacific Ocean

美国 GEOTRACES PMT：太平洋钴生物地球化学循环及其与金属酶的联系

• 批准号: 1736599
• 负责人: Mak Saito
• 金额: $ 34.77万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-11-01 至 2019-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1736599&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: US; GEOTRACES; PMT; Cobalt; Biogeochemical

Cobalt is important for many forms of marine life, yet it is one of the scarcest nutrients in the sea. Cobalt's oceanic abundance and distribution, along with other scarce nutrients, can influence the growth of microscopic plants (phytoplankton). This in turn can influence carbon cycles in the ocean and atmosphere. Therefore, knowledge of the controls on cobalt's abundance and chemical forms in seawater is a valuable component of our ability to understand the ocean's influence on global carbon cycling. Within phytoplankton and other marine microbes, metals such as cobalt, iron, nickel, and copper are used as critical components of enzymes responsible for key cellular reactions. Since these enzymes require metals to work, they are named metalloenzymes. Participating in a Pacific Ocean cruise from Alaska to Tahiti, this project will study the oceanic distributions of dissolved cobalt and the cellular content of a group of metalloenzymes known to influence biogeochemical cycles. The project will provide scientific impact by creating new knowledge about oceanic micronutrients in regions of economic interest with regard to fisheries and deep-sea mining. Measurement of proteins in the North Pacific will provide data of broad biological and chemical interest and will be made available through a new NSF-funded "EarthCube Ocean Protein Portal" data base. Educational impact will stem from participation of a graduate student and two young technicians, as well as the PI's development of a high school chemistry curriculum for use in two local high schools, thus allowing teachers to include real oceanic and environmental data at their first introduction to chemistry.Cobalt has a complex biogeochemical cycle. Both its inorganic and organic forms are used by biology in the upper ocean and it is removed from solution by being scavenged in the intermediate and deep ocean. This scavenging removal results in cobalt having the smallest oceanic inventory of any biologically utilized element. Recent studies, however, have found that large dissolved cobalt plumes occur in major oxygen minimum zones due to a combination of less scavenging and additions from sedimentary and remineralization fluxes. The GP15 US GEOTRACES Pacific Meridional Transect (PMT) provides an opportunity to examine the influence of oxygen depletion on cobalt chemistry. Moreover, the study of the protein component of microbial communities using new proteomic techniques will provide evidence of how different major microorganisms respond to the chemical environment (e.g. through transporter production for specific nutrients and micronutrients) as well as the biochemical basis for metal requirements related to the use of specific metalloenzymes. Specifically, the PMT provides an opportunity to confirm that the Pacific oxygen minimum zones contain a large amount of cobalt and to test the hypotheses that simultaneous zinc scarcity could induce wide-scale biochemical substitution of cobalt for zinc in the North Pacific Ocean.

钴对许多形式的海洋生物都很重要，但它是海洋中最稀缺的营养物质之一。钴的海洋丰度和分布，沿着其他稀缺的营养物质，可以影响微观植物（浮游植物）的生长。这反过来又会影响海洋和大气中的碳循环。因此，了解海水中钴的丰度和化学形式的控制是我们了解海洋对全球碳循环影响的能力的重要组成部分。在浮游植物和其他海洋微生物中，钴、铁、镍和铜等金属被用作负责关键细胞反应的酶的关键组分。由于这些酶需要金属才能起作用，因此它们被称为金属酶。该项目参加了从阿拉斯加到塔希提岛的太平洋巡航，将研究溶解钴的海洋分布和已知影响地球化学循环的一组金属酶的细胞含量。该项目将产生科学影响，创造有关渔业和深海采矿经济利益区域海洋微量营养素的新知识。对北太平洋蛋白质的测量将提供具有广泛生物和化学意义的数据，并将通过国家科学基金会资助的一个新的“地球立方海洋蛋白质门户”数据库提供。一名研究生和两名年轻技术人员的参与将对教育产生影响，同时PI还开发了供两所当地高中使用的高中化学课程，从而使教师能够在首次介绍化学时包括真实的海洋和环境数据。 它的无机和有机形式都被上层海洋的生物所利用，在中层和深海中被清除，从溶液中去除。这种清除作用导致钴在任何生物利用元素中具有最小的海洋库存。然而，最近的研究发现，大溶解钴羽流发生在主要的氧最低区，由于结合较少的清除和添加沉积和矿化通量。GP15 US GEOTRACES太平洋经向样带（PMT）提供了一个研究氧气消耗对钴化学的影响的机会。此外，利用新的蛋白质组学技术研究微生物群落的蛋白质成分，将提供证据，说明不同的主要微生物如何对化学环境作出反应（例如，通过产生特定营养素和微量营养素的转运蛋白），以及与使用特定金属酶有关的金属需求的生物化学基础。具体而言，PMT提供了一个机会，以确认太平洋最低含氧区含有大量的钴，并测试假设，同时锌的稀缺可能会导致大规模的生物化学替代钴锌在北太平洋。

项目成果

Coastal sources, sinks and strong organic complexation of dissolved cobalt within the US North Atlantic GEOTRACES transect GA03

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-14-2715-2017
• 发表时间: 2016-12
• 期刊: Biogeosciences
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: A. Noble;D. Ohnemus;N. Hawco;P. Lam;M. Saito

Cobalt scavenging in the mesopelagic ocean and its influence on global mass balance: Synthesizing water column and sedimentary fluxes

中深海中的钴清除及其对全球质量平衡的影响：合成水柱和沉积通量

• DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2017.09.001
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Marine Chemistry
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Hawco, Nicholas J.;Lam, Phoebe J.;Lee, Jong-Mi;Ohnemus, Daniel C.;Noble, Abigail E.;Wyatt, Neil J.;Lohan, Maeve C.;Saito, Mak A.
• 通讯作者: Saito, Mak A.

Harnessing the Power of Scientific Python to Investigate Biogeochemistry and Metaproteomes of the Central Pacific Ocean

利用科学 Python 的力量研究中太平洋的生物地球化学和元蛋白质组

• DOI: 10.25080/majora-4af1f417-010
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Python in Science Conference
• 作者: Held, Noelle;Saunders, Jaclyn;Futrelle, Joe;Saito, Mak
• 通讯作者: Saito, Mak

Efficient zinc/cobalt inter‐replacement in northeast Pacific diatoms and relationship to high surface dissolved Co : Zn ratios

东北太平洋硅藻中有效的锌/钴相互置换及其与高表面溶解钴：锌比率的关系

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11471
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Kellogg, Riss M.;McIlvin, Matthew R.;Vedamati, Jagruti;Twining, Benjamin S.;Moffett, James W.;Marchetti, Adrian;Moran, Dawn M.;Saito, Mak A.
• 通讯作者: Saito, Mak A.

Abundant nitrite-oxidizing metalloenzymes in the mesopelagic zone of the tropical Pacific Ocean

• DOI: 10.1038/s41561-020-0565-6
• 发表时间: 2020-05
• 期刊: Nature Geoscience
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: M. Saito;M. McIlvin;D. Moran;A. Santoro;C. Dupont;P. Rafter;Jaclyn K. Saunders;D. Kaul;C. Lamborg;Marian B. Westley;F. Valois;J. Waterbury