Quantifying Temperature Dependence In Growth & Grazing Rates of Planktonic Herbivores

量化生长的温度依赖性

• 批准号: 1736635
• 负责人: Susanne Menden-Deuer
• 金额: $ 83.4万
• 依托单位: University of Rhode Island
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1736635&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Quantifying; Temperature; Dependence; Growth; &amp

Plankton, single-celled organisms that inhabit the world's oceans are responsible for the generation of oxygen, cycling energy and matter between the atmosphere and the deep ocean and are the basis for virtually all seafood harvested. These life-giving functions critically depend on the relative rates at which plankton grow and get eaten. How temperature influences those rates is essential to understand plankton responses to environmental changes and ocean dynamics. It is well established that plankton grow faster when temperatures are higher however, whether feeding has a similar temperature dependence is unknown. That means oceanographers are missing key data required to build global predictive models. This project will fill essential knowledge gaps and measure physiological rates of singled celled zooplankton across temperature gradients representing the global ocean, from polar to tropical regions and throughout the seasonal cycle. Researchers will combine laboratory experiments with specimens taken from the coastal ocean (Narragansett Bay), which is exemplary in its strong seasonal temperature variations. These data will provide a clear picture of the production capacity and activity of plankton in a global and dynamic ocean. The project supports an early career scientist, as well as graduate and undergraduate students. Scientists will continue communicating their research to the public through large-scale outreach events, education at the high-school level, and engagement through online and other media. Moreover, researchers will continue collaborating with the Metcalf Institute for Marine & Environmental Reporting to support their Annual Science Immersion Workshop for Journalists and their ongoing work to disseminate research findings through web-based seminars.Grazing is the single largest loss factor of marine primary production and thus affects a key transfer rate between global organic and inorganic matter pools. Remarkably, data for herbivorous protist growth and grazing rates at temperatures representative of the vast polar regions and during winter and spring periods are extremely sparse. By combining laboratory experiments with ground truthing fieldwork, this project alleviates a central knowledge gap in oceanography and delivers the empirical measurements necessary to derive algorithms to incorporate temperature dependence of heterotrophic protist growth and grazing rates into biogeochemical models. The extraordinary seasonal temperature fluctuations in a temperate coastal estuary (Narragansett Bay) are exploited to measure rates of heterotrophic protists isolated from different temperatures and seasons and to quantify the temperature and acclimation responses of these ecotypes. This project delivers data urgently needed to solve the conundrum of whether herbivorous growth and predation is depressed at low temperatures, implying low trophic transfer rates and high carbon export, or if predation proceeds at rates comparable to temperate systems with primary production largely lost to predation. Large temperature gradients in the global ocean mean that cross-biome and biogeochemical models are particularly sensitive to assumptions about the temperature dependence in modeled rate processes. Establishment of the dependence of heterotrophic plankton physiological rates (growth and grazing) to gradients of temperature, mimicking realistic conditions experienced by plankton in a changing ocean, is a key step towards integrating much needed biological information in biogeochemical modeling efforts. This project makes a significant contribution to linking ecological research with ecosystem models by providing empirically rooted algorithms of the temperature dependence of protistan herbivory and growth rates, key processes in the transformation of organic matter in global biogeochemical cycles and tools critically missing in ecosystem models.

浮游生物是栖息在世界海洋中的单细胞生物，负责产生氧气，在大气和深海之间循环能量和物质，几乎是所有海产品的基础。这些赋予生命的功能主要取决于浮游生物生长和被吃掉的相对速度。温度如何影响这些速率对于了解浮游生物对环境变化和海洋动力学的反应至关重要。众所周知，浮游生物在温度较高时生长得更快，然而，摄食是否具有类似的温度依赖性尚不清楚。这意味着海洋学家缺少建立全球预测模型所需的关键数据。该项目将填补重要的知识空白，并测量代表全球海洋的温度梯度，从极地到热带地区和整个季节周期的单细胞浮游动物的生理速率。研究人员将把联合收割机实验室实验与从沿海海洋（纳拉甘塞特湾）采集的标本结合起来，纳拉甘塞特湾在其强烈的季节性温度变化方面堪称典范。这些数据将清楚地显示全球动态海洋中浮游生物的生产能力和活动情况。该项目支持早期职业科学家，以及研究生和本科生。科学家将继续通过大规模的外展活动，高中教育以及通过在线和其他媒体的参与向公众传播他们的研究。此外，研究人员将继续与梅特卡夫海洋环境报告研究所合作，支持他们为记者举办的年度科学沉浸讲习班，并支持他们通过网络研讨会传播研究成果的持续工作。放牧是海洋初级生产的最大损失因素，因此影响到全球有机和无机物质库之间的关键转移率。值得注意的是，在代表广阔极地地区的温度下以及冬季和春季期间，食草原生生物生长和放牧率的数据极其稀少。通过将实验室实验与地面实况实地考察相结合，该项目填补了海洋学中的一个核心知识空白，并提供了必要的经验测量，以推导出将异养原生生物生长和放牧率对温度的依赖性纳入生态地球化学模型的算法。在温带沿海河口（纳拉甘塞特湾）的非凡的季节性温度波动被利用来测量率的异养原生生物分离出不同的温度和季节，并量化这些生态型的温度和驯化反应。该项目提供了迫切需要解决的难题，草食性生长和捕食是否在低温下受到抑制，这意味着低营养转移率和高碳输出，或者捕食的速度与温带系统相当，初级生产主要是由于捕食而损失。在全球海洋的大温度梯度意味着跨生物群落和海洋地球化学模型是特别敏感的温度依赖性在模拟速率过程的假设。异养浮游生物的生理速率（生长和放牧）的温度梯度的依赖关系的建立，模仿浮游生物在不断变化的海洋中所经历的现实条件，是一个关键的一步，整合急需的生物信息在海洋地球化学建模工作。该项目通过提供原生生物草食动物和生长速率的温度依赖性的经验性算法、全球生物地球化学循环中有机物质转化的关键过程以及生态系统模型中严重缺失的工具，为将生态研究与生态系统模型联系起来做出了重大贡献。

项目成果

Phytoplankton carbon and nitrogen biomass estimates are robust to volume measurement method and growth environment

浮游植物碳和氮生物量估计对于体积测量方法和生长环境是稳健的

• DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbab014
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Plankton Research
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Mcnair, Heather;Hammond, Courtney Nicole;Menden-Deuer, Susanne
• 通讯作者: Menden-Deuer, Susanne

Planktonic predator selectivity: Eating local with global implications

浮游捕食者的选择性：本地饮食具有全球影响

• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Darcy A.A. Taniguchi;Susanne Menden-Deuer
• 通讯作者: Susanne Menden-Deuer

Partitioning the Apparent Temperature Sensitivity into Within- and Across-Taxa Responses: Revisiting the Difference between Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Protists

• DOI: 10.1086/723243
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: The American Naturalist
• 作者: Bingzhang Chen (陈炳章);D. Montagnes;Qing Wang (王庆);Hongbin Liu (刘红斌);S. Menden‐Deuer

Seasonal variability in planktonic food web structure and function of the Northeast U.S. Shelf

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11696
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: P. Marrec;Heather Mcnair;Gayantonia Franzè;F. Morison;J. Strock;S. Menden‐Deuer

Editorial: Modeling the Plankton–Enhancing the Integration of Biological Knowledge and Mechanistic Understanding

社论：浮游生物建模——增强生物知识和机制理解的整合

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00358
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Lindemann, Christian;Aksnes, Dag L.;Flynn, Kevin J.;Menden-Deuer, Susanne
• 通讯作者: Menden-Deuer, Susanne