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Skeletal Records of Coral Reef Beaching in the Central Equatorial Pacific

赤道中部太平洋珊瑚礁搁浅的骨骼记录

基本信息

批准号：
1737311
负责人：
Anne Cohen
金额：
$ 42.75万
依托单位：
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-15 至 2020-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1737311&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Skeletal Records Coral Reef Beaching

项目摘要

Ocean warming kills corals and efforts are underway to identify and protect coral reefs that may withstand the projected 21st century rise in tropical ocean temperatures. Coral reefs in the central equatorial Pacific (CEP) have been exposed to episodes of extreme warmth every 3-7 years for centuries, if not millennia, yet remain highly productive ecosystems. Initial data obtained by the investigator from stress signatures archived in the skeletons of long lived coral species, suggests that CEP reefs lose their symbiotic algae or bleach, sometimes severely, during warm episodes. The observation that CEP reefs bleach repetitively yet remain productive implies uncommon resilience to ocean warming. The investigator will use laboratory experiments and field observations to validate skeletal records of historical bleaching. A successful outcome will provide novel and valuable insights into the resilience of the CEP reefs and a new tool with which to identify thermally tolerant coral reef ecosystems across the tropics. Additionally, this project includes mentorship of a postdoc and six undergraduate or high school students, outreach through presentations and media, and expansion of publically available software for coral stress band analysis.Ocean warming projections indicate severe impacts to coral reefs will occur on an annual basis within the next few decades. Consequently, a coordinated effort is underway to identify reefs that might survive these changes. The investigator will test the hypothesis that such reefs exist at the epicenter of influence of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), where strong inter-annual temperature variability creates conditions conducive for the development of thermal resilience. The project uses laboratory-based bleaching experiments and actual stress signatures accreted by wild corals during the 2015 El Niño to validate signatures of historical bleaching archived in the skeletons of massive reef building corals. In addition the investigator will use new, long cores from the CEP to build a robust dataset of historical bleaching back to the 1800's. A successful outcome will increase confidence in the interpretation of skeletal stress bands as quantitative bleaching proxies and enable the reconstruction of the history of coral reef bleaching and recovery in the CEP.

海洋变暖导致珊瑚死亡，目前正在努力识别和保护能够承受预计 21 世纪热带海洋温度上升的珊瑚礁。几个世纪以来，即使不是几千年，赤道中太平洋 (CEP) 的珊瑚礁每 3-7 年就会经历一次极端温暖的情况，但仍然保持着高生产力的生态系统。研究人员从长寿珊瑚物种骨骼中存档的压力特征中获得的初步数据表明，CEP 珊瑚礁在温暖时期失去了共生藻类或漂白剂，有时甚至严重。 CEP 珊瑚礁反复白化但仍保持生产力的观察结果表明，它们对海洋变暖具有非凡的适应力。研究人员将利用实验室实验和现场观察来验证历史漂白的骨骼记录。成功的成果将为 CEP 珊瑚礁的恢复能力提供新颖且有价值的见解，并为识别整个热带地区的耐热珊瑚礁生态系统提供新工具。此外，该项目还包括对一名博士后和六名本科生或高中生的指导，通过演示和媒体进行宣传，以及扩展用于珊瑚应力带分析的公开软件。海洋变暖预测表明，在未来几十年内，每年都会对珊瑚礁产生严重影响。因此，正在开展协调一致的努力，以确定可能在这些变化中幸存下来的珊瑚礁。研究人员将检验这样的假设：此类珊瑚礁存在于厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）影响的中心，那里强烈的年际温度变化创造了有利于热恢复能力发展的条件。该项目利用基于实验室的白化实验和 2015 年厄尔尼诺现象期间野生珊瑚积累的实际压力特征来验证大型造礁珊瑚骨骼中存档的历史白化特征。此外，研究人员将使用 CEP 的新长岩芯来构建可追溯到 1800 年代的历史漂白的可靠数据集。成功的结果将增强人们对骨骼应力带作为定量白化指标的解释的信心，并能够重建 CEP 中珊瑚礁白化和恢复的历史。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Skeletal records of bleaching reveal different thermal thresholds of Pacific coral reef assemblages

白化的骨骼记录揭示了太平洋珊瑚礁组合的不同热阈值

DOI：
10.1007/s00338-019-01803-x
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Coral Reefs
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Mollica, Nathaniel R.;Cohen, Anne L.;Alpert, Alice E.;Barkley, Hannah C.;Brainard, Russell E.;Carilli, Jessica E.;DeCarlo, Thomas M.;Drenkard, Elizabeth J.;Lohmann, Pat;Mangubhai, Sangeeta
通讯作者：
Mangubhai, Sangeeta

Repeat bleaching of a central Pacific coral reef overthe past six decades (1960–2016)

过去六十年（1960 年至 2016 年）太平洋中部珊瑚礁反复白化