SCC-Planning: Coordinated Autonomous Operation of UAVs in Urban First Responder Scenarios

SCC-Planning：城市急救人员场景中无人机的协调自主操作

• 批准号: 1737496
• 负责人: Christian Poellabauer
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: University of Notre Dame
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-10-01 至 2019-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1737496&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SCC; Planning; Coordinated; Autonomous; Operation

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are rapidly gaining in popularity and it is expected that many millions of these devices will be in operation within the next few years. UAVs are increasingly being considered for use in emergency response situations, where they can reduce first responders' exposure to unnecessary danger and enhance the effectiveness of the responders, for example by providing additional information such as unique viewing angles or fast deployment of specialized sensors. It is expected that most UAV operation will occur in cities, which will require the development of infrastructure and tools that enable safe and effective deployments of UAVs in urban settings. This project will support a planning process to identify the specific requirements for safe UAV operation for emergency response scenarios. Toward this end, the project team will collaborate with fire fighters to explore the challenges and benefits of UAV support for various rescue scenarios. Additionally, the project will use these collaborations and various activities and meetings to initiate fruitful discussions among the project team and potential collaborators and stakeholders in academia, industry, and city planning. It is expected that the planning activity will ultimately lead to the development of a proposal to fully implement the infrastructure and tools required for safe UAV for various application scenarios. Over 80% of the US population reside in urban areas, which means that most UAV operation will occur in densely populated areas that are characterized by potentially dense and fluctuating traffic patterns, close proximity to humans and buildings, unreliable GPS, overhead flight paths, and fluctuating environmental conditions. Enabling independently controlled UAVs with diverse objectives, constraints, and capabilities to operate in such an environment is a challenging proposition. The long-term goal of this project is to develop cross-disciplinary solutions to urban UAV flight, integrating systems design, control theory, and software engineering research to specifically address technical aspects of urban UAV deployment for emergency response situations. The project team will complete a comprehensive needs assessment for the deployment of UAVs in urban emergency response scenarios. A main goal of this planning grant is to identify various stakeholders in the community involved in emergency response (e.g., fire, medical, disaster planning, etc.), their specific needs that can be addressed using UAVs, the opportunities provided by the UAVs, and the specific challenges of urban UAV emergency response support. An additional goal is to obtain deeper insights into the larger societal concerns with UAV operation, including ethics and policy challenges. The project team will organize a series of hands-on training sessions for various rescue operations, which will be used to highlight the potential benefits of UAVs, identify the concrete needs of emergency rescue teams, and elicit discussions among the various stakeholders that will ultimately lead to a deeper understanding of the opportunities and challenges of urban UAV deployments.

无人机(UAV)正在迅速普及，预计在未来几年内将有数百万架无人机投入使用。无人机正越来越多地被考虑用于应急情况，在这种情况下，它们可以减少急救员暴露在不必要的危险中，并提高应答者的有效性，例如通过提供额外的信息，如独特的视角或快速部署专门的传感器。预计大多数无人机将在城市运行，这将需要开发基础设施和工具，使无人机能够在城市环境中安全有效地部署。该项目将支持一个规划进程，以确定应急情况下无人机安全运行的具体要求。为此，项目组将与消防员合作，探索无人机支持各种救援场景的挑战和好处。此外，该项目将利用这些合作以及各种活动和会议，在项目团队和学术界、工业界和城市规划的潜在合作者和利益相关者之间发起富有成效的讨论。预计规划活动最终将导致制定一项提案，为各种应用场景全面实施安全无人机所需的基础设施和工具。超过80%的美国人口居住在城市地区，这意味着大多数无人机操作将发生在人口稠密和波动的地区，这些地区的特点是交通模式可能密集和波动，靠近人类和建筑物，不可靠的GPS，高架飞行路线，以及波动的环境条件。使具有不同目标、约束和能力的独立控制无人机在这样的环境中运行是一个具有挑战性的命题。该项目的长期目标是开发城市无人机飞行的跨学科解决方案，整合系统设计、控制理论和软件工程研究，具体解决城市无人机在紧急情况下部署的技术方面。项目组将完成在城市应急场景中部署无人机的全面需求评估。这笔规划赠款的主要目标是确定社区中参与应急响应(例如，消防、医疗、灾害规划等)的各种利益相关者，他们可以使用无人机满足的具体需求，无人机提供的机会，以及城市无人机应急响应支持的具体挑战。另一个目标是更深入地了解无人机运营所涉及的更广泛的社会问题，包括道德和政策挑战。项目组将为各种救援行动组织一系列实践培训课程，用于突出无人机的潜在好处，确定应急救援队的具体需求，并引发各利益相关者之间的讨论，最终导致对城市无人机部署的机遇和挑战有更深入的了解。

项目成果

Interlocking safety cases for unmanned autonomous systems in urban environments

城市环境中无人自主系统的连锁安全案例

• DOI: 10.1145/3183440.3195035
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: 40th International Conference on Software Engineering
• 作者: Vierhauser, Michael;Bayley, Sean;Wyngaard, Jane;Cheng, Jinghui;Xiong, Wandi;Lutz, Robyn;Huseman, Joshua;Cleland-Huang, Jane
• 通讯作者: Cleland-Huang, Jane

Discovering, Analyzing, and Managing Safety Stories in Agile Projects

发现、分析和管理敏捷项目中的安全故事

• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: 26th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference
• 作者: Cleland-Huang, Jane;Vierhauser, Michael
• 通讯作者: Vierhauser, Michael

Dronology: an incubator for cyber-physical systems research

Dronology：网络物理系统研究的孵化器

• DOI: 10.1145/3183399.3183408
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: New Ideas and Emerging Results Track
• 作者: Cleland-Huang, Jane;Vierhauser, Michael;Bayley, Sean
• 通讯作者: Bayley, Sean

Beyond beaconing: Emerging applications and challenges of BLE

• DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.102015
• 发表时间: 2020-02-01
• 期刊: AD HOC NETWORKS
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Yang, Jian;Poellabauer, Christian;Neubecker, Cynthia
• 通讯作者: Neubecker, Cynthia

Connection-less BLE Performance Evaluation on Smartphones

智能手机上的无连接 BLE 性能评估

• DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2019.08.011
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Procedia Computer Science
• 作者: Siva, Joshua;Yang, Jian;Poellabauer, Christian
• 通讯作者: Poellabauer, Christian