Phase II IUCRC Binghamton University: Center for Energy-Smart Electronic Systems (ES2)

数据中心是生活中不可或缺的一部分，提供从社交网络、电子商务和娱乐到为个人和企业提供存储和计算能力的云基础设施的服务。数据中心消耗了全国2%以上的电力，主要来自化石能源。 能源智能电子系统中心（ES 2）的成立是为了开发提高电子系统（主要是数据中心）能源效率的工具和方法。数据中心消耗的大部分能源都是由于运营效率低下而浪费的，包括运行的服务器数量超过了处理工作负载所需的数量，IT设备过度冷却，或者部署了次优的冷却和IT技术。 ES2？的研究重点是开发用于运营数据中心的智能和全自动化技术，以使IT和冷却资源与工作负载需求相匹配，避免能源浪费，同时保持服务质量。 ES 2研究通过以下方式造福社会：（a）提供解决方案，以减少对电网的需求和碳足迹，并以节能的方式实现基于数据中心的服务的增长;（B）通过培训工程师和计算机科学家的高需求技能来开发人力资源。ES2？因此，ES 2的研究使国家能够保持有竞争力的，灵活的和节能的网络服务和基础设施。ES 2的目标是大大减少数据中心的能源消耗。该中心的愿景是通过智能分配和分配IT负载、智能集成受控按需冷却以及智能消除能源浪费和效率低下，以任何指定的性能水平创建和运营能源优化的数据中心和电子系统。来自NSF的第一阶段资金支持了实现这一愿景的模型、指标和基础设施的开发。在宾厄姆顿大学，第二阶段的研究重点是减少能源浪费的挑战，及时，足够的服务器和冷却能力，以处理瞬时工作负载，同时满足性能，可靠性和可用性目标。所采取的方法依赖于使用先进的技术来建模和预测工作负载和冷却系统的需求，提前足够的时间，以便及时调整处理和冷却资源。 考虑到热滞后和其他瞬态热现象，服务器激活和停用所需的时间以及严格配置系统中故障的潜在影响，使解决方案成为一个复杂的优化问题。 冷却、IT和电力输送组件中固有的低效率问题通过以新兴技术为中心的调查来解决。

Data centers are an integral part of life, providing services ranging from social networking, e-commerce and entertainment to cloud infrastructures that provide storage and computing capabilities for individuals and enterprises. Data centers consume over 2% of the nation's electricity, generated mostly from fossil sources. The Center for Energy-Smart Electronic systems (ES2) was established to develop tools and methodologies for improving the energy efficiency of electronic systems, primarily data centers. Much of the energy expended by data centers is wasted due to operating inefficiencies, including operating more servers than are needed to handle the workload and overcooling the IT equipment, or deploying sub-optimal cooling and IT technologies. ES2?s research focusses on developing intelligent and fully automated techniques for operating data centers to match the IT and cooling resources to the workload demands, avoiding energy waste while maintaining service quality. ES2 research benefits society by: (a) providing solutions to reduce the demand on the electrical grid and the carbon footprint and enabling the growth of data center-based services in an energy-efficient way and (b) developing human resources by training engineers and computer scientists in high-demand skills. ES2?s research therefore enables the nation to maintain competitive, agile and energy-efficient cyber services and infrastructures.The goal of ES2 is to dramatically reduce data center energy consumption. The center's vision is the creation and operation of energy-optimized data centers and electronic systems at any specified performance level by smart allocation and distribution of IT load, smart integration of controlled on-demand cooling, and smart elimination of energy waste and inefficiencies. The Phase I funding from NSF supported the development of models, metrics and infrastructures that would realize this vision. At Binghamton University, Phase II research focuses on the challenges involved in reducing energy waste with just-in-time, just enough server and cooling capacities to handle the instantaneous workload while meeting the performance, reliability and availability goals. The approach taken relies on the use of sophisticated techniques to model and predict the workload and cooling system needs sufficiently in advance to permit timely adjustments of processing and cooling resources. Considerations of thermal lags and other transient thermal phenomena, the time taken for server activations and deactivations and the potential impact of failures in a tightly-provisioned system come into play, making the solution a complex optimization problem. Inherent inefficiencies within the cooling, IT and power delivery components are addressed through investigations centered on new and emerging technologies.