CPS: TTP Option: Medium: Building a Smart City Economy and Information Ecosystem to Motivate Pro-Social Transportation Behavior

自世纪中期以来，城市的增长和扩张导致了对私人汽车的强烈依赖。在过去的几年里，城市规划者开始重新思考城市的交通模式，并最终意识到真正可持续的交通和城市环境需要转向多式联运。在PittSmartLiving项目中，我们以整体的方式看待向多式联运的转变。特别是，我们将设计、开发、部署和评估一个平台，该平台将整合所有相关利益相关者（通勤者、交通运营商和当地企业）的信息并调整其激励措施，以提高公共交通的利用率和质量。由此产生的网络物理系统将（1）为通勤者提供所有相关公共交通选择（例如，公共汽车、地铁、班车、自行车等），以及（2）围绕多模式移动性建立市场，其中企业可以向附近的通勤者提供与该交通信息相关的时间敏感的激励（例如，下一班车太满了，进来享受1美元的咖啡）。这不仅有可能通过平衡公共交通网络的利用率来改善整体乘客体验（例如，将部分需求从高峰时段转移开），而且还可以优化当地企业的客户流量。将大力强调建立能够提供所需服务的机制，同时尊重通勤者的隐私期望。作为该项目的一部分，将部署一个前所未有的实验性基础设施（在奥克兰和匹兹堡市中心地区），这将使PI能够确定一套激励机制，可以在真实的城市环境中将通勤者转移到公共交通工具。这是第一次城市核心真正成为一个实验室，科学家和工程师可以在这里进行旨在改善城市居民生活质量的实验。该项目的主要预期技术贡献可概述如下。(1)发展一个整体的城市交通系统，平衡公共交通网络和当地企业的利用率，从而不仅改善公共交通，而且改善一般城市生活。(2)设计和评估市场机制，整合和协调各利益攸关方的激励措施。(3)注意力从时间效率的转移（即，最快的路线）到更可持续的通勤（例如，公共交通、自行车等）以及面向居民福祉的通勤选择（例如，“美丽”路线、“干净”路线、“可达”路线等）有关此项目的更多信息，请访问http://PittSmartLiving.org

The growth and expansion of cities since the mid 20th century has led to a strong dependency on private automobiles. During the last years, urban planners have started rethinking the mobility modes in a city and have finally realized that a truly sustainable transportation and urban environment in general, requires a shift to multimodal transportation. In the PittSmartLiving project, we view the shift to multimodal transportation in a holistic way. In particular, we will design, develop, deploy, and evaluate a platform that will integrate information from and align the incentives of all involved stakeholders (commuters, transport operators, and local businesses) towards increasing the utilization and quality of public transportation. The resulting Cyber-Physical system will (1) provide commuters with real-time information of arrival and utilization of all relevant options of public transit (e.g., bus, subway, shuttles, bikes, etc.), and (2) build a marketplace around multimodal mobility, where businesses can offer time-sensitive incentives connected to this transit information to nearby commuters (e.g., the next bus is too full, come in and enjoy $1 coffee). This has the potential to improve not only the overall ridership experience by balancing utilization across public transportation networks (e.g., shifting some of the demand away from the peak hours), but also to optimize customer flows in local businesses. Significant emphasis will be given to the development of mechanisms that will be able to deliver the required services while respecting the privacy expectations of the commuters. As part of this project, an unprecedented experimental infrastructure will be deployed (in the Oakland and Downtown areas of Pittsburgh) that will allow the PIs to identify a set of incentive mechanisms that can shift commuters to public transportation in a real urban environment. This is the first time that an urban core truly becomes a laboratory, where scientists and engineers can run experiments aimed at improving the quality of life of city-dwellers. The main expected technical contributions of this project can be summarized as follows. (1) Development of a holistic urban transportation system that balances utilization across both public transportation networks and local businesses, thus improving not only public transit but also general urban living. (2) Design and evaluation of the market mechanism that integrates and aligns the incentives of various stakeholders. (3) Shift of attention from temporal efficiency (i.e., fastest route) to more sustainable commuting (e.g., public transit, biking etc.) as well as commuting options geared towards the well-being of dwellers (e.g., "beautiful" routes, "clean" routes, "accessible" routes etc.)Additional information about this project can be found at http://PittSmartLiving.org