Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Domesticated Plants, Animals and the Emergence of Social Complexity

博士论文改进奖：驯化植物、动物和社会复杂性的出现

• 批准号: 1741667
• 负责人: Bryan Hanks
• 金额: $ 2.49万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2019-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1741667&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Domesticated

Anthropological archaeology has focused intently on the early emergence of sedentism and animal and plant domestication processes in many regions of the world. Research focused on demographic changes connected with these trends has frequently linked emerging population growth and resource exploitation to greater levels of social conflict and warfare. These developments often led to greater levels of regional centralization and organization and completely new trajectories of social, economic and political development. This program of research examines these dynamics in the development of early village life in southeastern Europe during the 6th-5th millennia BCE. At this time, distinct changes occurred in the use of domesticated plants and animals and new forms of ceramic and metal craft production. These important shifts in technology and social organization contributed to the subsequent emergence of complex societies in the Balkans region and subsequent foundation of early European civilizations. Archaeology is in a unique position to provide a deep chronological scale of analysis and has the potential to produce specific forms of data that can be used to evaluate and model such transitions. Such research not only identifies when such changes occurred but also contributes to answering the question of why early human societies changed from egalitarian hunter-gatherer groups to more highly specialized and hierarchical organized communities. This program of research will encourage international intellectual collaboration and communication in the field of anthropological archaeology, will enhance regional methodological approaches to settlement patterning and demographic analysis, and will produce an important database that will contribute to future studies of early village societies in a global context. Within this broader context, and under the supervision of Dr. Bryan Hanks of the University of Pittsburgh, doctoral candidate Miroslav Kocic will investigate the emergence of large scale Neolithic village societies in central Serbia. This study will produce new data on demographic growth, the emergence of scalar stress and social inequality, and regional center-hinterland dynamics through time. In particular, research questions will focus on examining: (i) the distribution of identifiable sites within the survey zone and their relationship to each other spatially and chronologically; (ii) estimated settlement sizes and possible rank order patterns in terms of demography; (iii) relationship of settlements to local topographical and environmental resources and related catchment zones; and (iv) spatial patterning and density of artifacts within settlements and variation between settlements and identification of craft production zones. In order to address these questions, field research activities will focus on a 110 square kilometer region within the Grua River valley of the central Balkans. Data will be produced through regional scale pedestrian survey, surface collection of artifacts and statistical analysis, targeted test pit excavations, and GIS analysis of survey data, topographical features and local environmental resources. This will produce a robust diachonic, spatial dataset in which to model transitions in village size, spatial organization and trends in craft production. Collaboration with regional archaeologists and institutions in central Serbia also will create an important educational opportunity and training for students contribute to the long term knowledge and heritage of these important archaeological sites.

人类学考古学一直专注于世界许多地区的sedentism和动物和植物驯化过程的早期出现。对与这些趋势有关的人口变化的研究经常将新出现的人口增长和资源开采与更严重的社会冲突和战争联系起来。这些发展往往导致更高水平的区域集中化和组织化，以及全新的社会、经济和政治发展轨迹。该研究项目考察了公元前6 - 5千年东南欧早期村庄生活发展的动态。此时，在使用驯化的植物和动物以及新形式的陶瓷和金属工艺生产方面发生了明显的变化。技术和社会组织的这些重要转变促成了巴尔干地区后来复杂社会的出现和早期欧洲文明的基础。考古学处于一个独特的位置，提供了一个深入的时间尺度的分析，并有可能产生特定形式的数据，可用于评估和建模这种转变。此类研究不仅确定了此类变化何时发生，而且有助于回答早期人类社会为何从平等的狩猎采集群体转变为更加高度专业化和等级制度化的组织社区的问题。该研究计划将鼓励人类学考古学领域的国际智力合作和交流，将加强对定居模式和人口分析的区域方法，并将产生一个重要的数据库，有助于在全球范围内对早期村庄社会的未来研究。 在这个更广泛的背景下，在匹兹堡大学布莱恩·汉克斯博士的监督下，博士生米罗斯拉夫·科契奇将调查塞尔维亚中部大规模新石器时代村庄社会的出现。这项研究将产生关于人口增长、标量压力和社会不平等的出现以及区域中心-腹地动态的新数据。特别是，研究问题将集中于审查：㈠调查区内可识别地点的分布及其在空间和时间上的相互关系; ㈡估计住区规模和人口方面可能的等级顺序模式; ㈢住区与当地地形和环境资源及有关集水区的关系;以及（iv）定居点内人工制品的空间模式和密度以及定居点之间的差异和工艺生产区的识别。为了解决这些问题，实地研究活动将集中在巴尔干半岛中部格鲁阿河谷内110平方公里的地区。将通过区域规模的行人调查、文物表面收集和统计分析、有针对性的测试坑挖掘以及对调查数据、地形特征和当地环境资源的地理信息系统分析来产生数据。这将产生一个强有力的历时性空间数据集，用于模拟村庄规模、空间组织和手工艺生产趋势的变化。与塞尔维亚中部地区考古学家和机构的合作也将为学生创造重要的教育机会和培训，有助于这些重要考古遗址的长期知识和遗产。