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Nonlinear THz dynamics and quantum vacuum radiation from squeezed quantum vacua

非线性太赫兹动力学和压缩量子真空的量子真空辐射

基本信息

批准号：
231111959
负责人：
Professor Dr. Dominique Bougeard
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik III
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/231111959?language=en
关键词：
Nonlinear THz dynamics quantum vacuum

项目摘要

Controlling the interaction of light with electronic excitations defines a key aspect of modern quantum electrodynamics. In strongly light-matter coupled structures, the vacuum Rabi frequency characterizes the continuous emission and re-absorption of a cavity photon by the electronic resonance, which leads to the formation of cavity polaritons representing the new eigenstates of the coupled system. In terahertz (THz) nanoresonators, light-matter interaction can be made so strong that the vacuum Rabi frequency becomes equal to the carrier frequency of light. In such a setting, the quantum ground state contains a finite population of squeezed, correlated photon pairs, which is predicted to be released when the coupling strength is rapidly modulated. The anticipated physics is similar to the yet unobserved dynamical Casimir effect or Unruh-Hawking radiation of black holes. Here, we propose to explore quantum vacuum photonics of custom-cut THz nanostructures ultrastrongly light-matter coupled to cyclotron resonances in semiconductors, few-Landau-electron systems beyond the bosonic approximation, and Landau electrons in graphene. The novel research field will be pioneered in three work streams:(i) Exploiting femtosecond control schemes for light-matter interaction developed in our groups, we will investigate the strongly sub-cycle switching dynamics of squeezed quantum vacua in GaAs-based structures using broadband THz spectroscopy. This work stream will set the stage for quantum vacuum photonics in the more complex structures of work streams (ii) and (iii).(ii) We will target the quantum limit of ultrastrong coupling beyond the bosonic approximation in few-Landau-electron structures fabricated by three-dimensional nanostructuring of custom-designed THz resonators with tiny mode volumes. Highly sensitive THz quantum detection will trace the non-perturbatively nonlinear dynamics and quantum vacuum signatures at extremely low THz amplitudes, holding the prospect of few-photon THz nonlinearities of squeezed quantum vacua. (iii) Going beyond massive electron systems, we will investigate ultrastrong coupling in graphene-based structures, where an instability of the quantum vacuum is predicted to occur. Landau electrons of graphene and its ultrastrongly coupled structures are expected to react distinctly more nonlinear than their massive counterparts due to their non-equidistant energy progression, Rabi flopping, and anharmonic Landau ladder climbing. We will pursue quantum vacuum photonics in these structures using our most sensitive two-dimensional THz spectroscopy and quantum detection.Our work opens a new direction in non-adiabatic quantum electrodynamics, bringing together the most sophisticated ultrastrongly coupled structures and some of the most advanced THz photonics recently developed.

控制光与电子激发的相互作用定义了现代量子电动力学的一个关键方面。在强光-物质耦合结构中，真空拉比频率表征了电子谐振对腔光子的连续发射和再吸收，这导致了代表耦合系统新本征态的腔极化子的形成。在太赫兹（THz）纳米谐振器中，光与物质的相互作用可以变得如此强烈，以至于真空拉比频率变得等于光的载波频率。在这种情况下，量子基态包含有限数量的压缩相关光子对，预计当耦合强度快速调制时，这些光子对将被释放。预期的物理现象类似于尚未观测到的动力学卡西米尔效应或黑洞的安鲁-霍金辐射。在这里，我们建议探索定制切割的太赫兹纳米结构的量子真空光子学，超强光物质与半导体中的回旋加速器共振耦合，超出玻色子近似的少朗道电子系统，以及石墨烯中的朗道电子。这一新颖的研究领域将在三个工作流中进行开拓：（i）利用我们小组开发的光与物质相互作用的飞秒控制方案，我们将使用宽带太赫兹光谱研究基于砷化镓的结构中压缩量子真空的强子周期切换动力学。该工作流将为工作流 (ii) 和 (iii) 的更复杂结构中的量子真空光子学奠定基础。(ii) 我们的目标是在通过定制设计的具有微小模式体积的太赫兹谐振器的三维纳米结构制造的少朗道电子结构中超越玻色子近似的超强耦合的量子极限。高灵敏度的太赫兹量子探测将在极低的太赫兹振幅下追踪非微扰非线性动力学和量子真空特征，从而有望实现压缩量子真空的少光子太赫兹非线性。（iii）超越大规模电子系统，我们将研究基于石墨烯的结构中的超强耦合，其中预计会发生量子真空的不稳定性。石墨烯的朗道电子及其超强耦合结构由于其非等距能量级数、拉比跳动和非和谐朗道阶梯攀爬，预计会比其巨大的对应物表现出明显更加非线性的反应。我们将使用我们最灵敏的二维太赫兹光谱和量子探测在这些结构中追求量子真空光子学。我们的工作开辟了非绝热量子电动力学的新方向，将最复杂的超强耦合结构和最近开发的一些最先进的太赫兹光子学结合在一起。