Collaborative Research: Arctic Hydrological Regime Shift in a Warming Climate

合作研究：气候变暖下的北极水文状况变化

• 批准号: 1744515
• 负责人: Raymond Bradley
• 金额: $ 50.21万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-06-01 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1744515&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Arctic; Hydrological; Regime

The Arctic is currently warming faster than any other region of the globe, and recent changes in climate and hydrology have had direct impacts in Svalbard, where flash flooding and enhanced mass movement over frozen ground on steep slopes has occasionally led to catastrophic slope failure. This study will examine how warming is leading to a new hydrological regime in regions adjacent to the areas where major sea-ice losses have occurred. The new hydrological regime is result of an increase in annual precipitation, a higher proportion of which is in the form of rain rather than snow, especially in the transition seasons of fall and spring. Under this collaborative project, the team will study annually laminated sediments in lakes of western Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic) to identify the sedimentary signal of recent changes in hydrology and use this to reconstruct the long-term history of rainfall-related sedimentary events to determine when similar conditions may have prevailed in the past. This project will involve a postdoctoral scientist, a graduate student, and undergraduate students at University of Massachusetts and Bates College, as well as teacher in the research. There is training of STEM teachers through a summer program enabling them to incorporate Arctic earth science activities into their classroom curricula. This project will examine how warming is leading to a new hydrological regime in regions adjacent to the areas where major sea-ice losses have occurred. The investigators will study annually laminated sediments in lakes of western Svalbard to identify the sedimentary signal of recent changes in hydrology and reconstruct the long-term history of rainfall-related sedimentary events to determine when similar conditions may have prevailed in the past. The type and amount of sediment transported to lakes carries with it information about meteorological and hydrological conditions in the lake watershed. The investigators will recover sediment cores to study the structure and grain size profiles of recent years of sediment accumulation, to compare with meteorological measurements, sediment recovered in traps, and measurements of processes responsible for sediment transport and deposition. They will employ microanalytcal techniques for high-resolution grain size analysis, varve detection and measurement. Using scanning electron microscope image analysis methods, they will reconstruct rainfall-driven sedimentary events. Sediments acquired from sediment traps will be analyzed using a laser particle size analyzer to obtain sub-annual scale grain size profiles to compare with observed hydroclimatic events and the varved records. This will provide a unique perspective on the nature of recent sedimentary changes and provide insight into the effects of contemporary changes in climate on the hydrological regime of this region. The results will have implications for other parts of the Arctic where sea-ice is rapidly receding.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

目前，北极变暖的速度比全球任何其他地区都要快，最近气候和水文的变化对斯瓦尔巴群岛产生了直接影响，那里的山洪暴发和陡坡上冻土上的大规模移动有时会导致灾难性的斜坡崩塌。这项研究将研究变暖如何导致发生重大海冰损失的地区邻近地区出现新的水文状况。新的水文状况是年降水量增加的结果，其中雨而不是雪的比例更高，特别是在秋季和春季的过渡季节。在这个合作项目下，该团队将研究斯瓦尔巴群岛西部（挪威北极）湖泊的年度层状沉积物，以确定近期水文变化的沉积信号，并利用它来重建与降雨相关的沉积事件的长期历史，以确定过去何时可能出现类似的情况。该项目将涉及马萨诸塞大学和贝茨学院的一名博士后科学家、一名研究生和本科生，以及参与研究的教师。通过暑期项目对 STEM 教师进行培训，使他们能够将北极地球科学活动纳入课堂课程。该项目将研究变暖如何导致发生重大海冰损失的地区邻近地区出现新的水文状况。研究人员将研究斯瓦尔巴群岛西部湖泊的年度层状沉积物，以识别近期水文变化的沉积信号，并重建与降雨相关的沉积事件的长期历史，以确定过去何时可能出现类似的情况。输送到湖泊的沉积物的类型和数量携带着湖泊流域的气象和水文状况信息。研究人员将回收沉积物岩心，以研究近年来沉积物积累的结构和粒度分布，与气象测量、陷阱中回收的沉积物以及负责沉积物运输和沉积的过程的测量进行比较。他们将采用微量分析技术进行高分辨率粒度分析、变化检测和测量。他们将利用扫描电子显微镜图像分析方法重建降雨驱动的沉积事件。从沉积物收集器中获得的沉积物将使用激光粒度分析仪进行分析，以获得亚年尺度的粒度分布，以与观测到的水文气候事件和变化记录进行比较。这将为了解近期沉积变化的性质提供独特的视角，并深入了解当代气候变化对该地区水文状况的影响。研究结果将对海冰迅速消退的北极其他地区产生影响。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Chronology and sedimentology of a new 2.9 ka annually laminated record from South Sawtooth Lake, Ellesmere Island

埃尔斯米尔岛南锯齿湖新的 2.9 ka 年层压记录的年代学和沉积学

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105875
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Quaternary Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Lapointe, Francois;Francus, Pierre;Stoner, Joseph S.;Abbott, Mark B.;Balascio, Nicholas L.;Cook, Timothty L.;Bradley, Raymond S.;Forman, Steven L.;Besonen, Mark;St-Onge, Guillaume
• 通讯作者: St-Onge, Guillaume

Environmental Monitoring in the Kapp Linne-Gronfjorden Region (KLEO)

卡普林讷-格伦峡湾地区 (KLEO) 的环境监测

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The State of Environmental Science in Svalbard
• 作者: Retelle, Michael;Christiansen, Hanne;Hodson, Andy;Nikulina, Anna;Osuch, Marzena;Poleshuk, Ksenia;Romashova, Kseniia;Roof, Steve;Rouyet, Line;Strand, Sarah Marie
• 通讯作者: Strand, Sarah Marie