Social Bases of Attitudinal Extremetization: Shared Attention versus Attitudinal Simulation

态度极端化的社会基础：共享注意力与态度模拟

• 批准号: 1749348
• 负责人: Garriy Shteynberg
• 金额: $ 35.13万
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Knoxville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-05-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1749348&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Social; Bases; Attitudinal; Extremetization; Shared

In the last 20 years, Americans' social and political attitudes have grown more extreme. Both the American public and elected officials hold increasingly divergent and polarized views about economic and social issues. The growing divergence in social and political attitudes hinders the nation's ability to solve its pressing problems. This project examines the ways in which attitude extremetization is a result of the human capacity to share attention-the ability to sense that one is attending to information with others at the same time. Prior research shows that sharing attention on information leads to more extreme emotions and attitudes. It is not known why this occurs. One possibility is that people are more likely to imagine the attitudes of those who co-attend to information with them. By imagining the attitudes of many others, one's own attitudes can grow more extreme. Another possibility is that people are more likely to pay more attention to the ideas that are the focus of shared attention. When those ideas happen to represent only one view, the view dominates one's thoughts, resulting in more extreme attitudes. It is also conceivable that attitudes grow more extreme under shared attention because of both possibilities at the same time. Greater understanding of how attitudes grow more extreme in social groups is vital to efforts to find common ground on the social and economic challenges of today.This project is an adversarial collaboration, in which scientists who disagree work together to find common ground. Studies often claim to settle an issue, yet scientific disagreement remains due to differences in the interpretation and understanding of results. The principal investigator is collaborating with two other researchers who hold a distinct view of how shared attention renders attitudes more extreme. The researchers have agreed to work collaboratively on twelve experiments. They will consult on every aspect of study design, execution, and analysis, with the goal of reaching a joint understanding of the results. The experiments test whether thoughts about the co-attendees' attitudes, and co-attended ideas can have independent, opposite, and combined effects on attitudinal extremetization under shared attention. Some of the studies take place in real-world contexts of an online political media channel or online open college course. The methods, materials, and settings of these studies approximate the world outside of the laboratory, increasing the likelihood that the research will support a better understanding of pressing societal concerns.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在过去的20年里，美国人的社会和政治态度变得更加极端。美国公众和民选官员在经济和社会问题上的观点越来越分歧和两极分化。社会和政治态度的日益分化阻碍了国家解决紧迫问题的能力。这个项目考察了态度极端化是人类分享注意力的能力的结果，这种能力是指一个人与他人同时关注信息的能力。先前的研究表明，分享对信息的关注会导致更极端的情绪和态度。目前尚不清楚为什么会发生这种情况。一种可能性是，人们更有可能想象那些与他们共同关注信息的人的态度。通过想象其他人的态度，一个人自己的态度会变得更加极端。另一种可能性是，人们更有可能更多地关注共同关注的焦点。当这些想法碰巧只代表一种观点时，这种观点就会主导一个人的思想，导致更极端的态度。同样可以想象的是，在共同关注下，态度会变得更加极端，因为这两种可能性同时存在。更深入地了解社会群体的态度如何变得更加极端，对于努力在当今的社会和经济挑战中找到共同点至关重要。这个项目是一个对抗性的合作，在这个项目中，持不同意见的科学家们一起努力寻找共同点。研究通常声称解决了一个问题，但由于对结果的解释和理解的差异，科学分歧仍然存在。首席研究员正在与另外两名研究人员合作，他们对共同关注如何使态度变得更加极端持不同看法。研究人员同意合作进行12项实验。他们将在研究设计、执行和分析的各个方面进行咨询，目的是达成对结果的共同理解。实验测试了共同关注下，关于共同参与者态度的想法和共同参与者的想法是否对态度极端化有独立、相反和联合的影响。其中一些研究是在现实环境中进行的，比如在线政治媒体渠道或在线开放大学课程。这些研究的方法、材料和环境近似于实验室之外的世界，增加了研究支持更好地理解紧迫的社会问题的可能性。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Many minds make money: People are slower to destroy novel currency known to more ingroup members

许多人都赚钱：人们销毁更多内部成员所熟知的新货币的速度较慢

• DOI: 10.1002/jts5.95
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Shteynberg, Garriy;Kwon, Theresa A.;Yoo, Seong‐Jae;Smith, Heather;Apostle, Jessica;Mistry, Dipal;Houser, Kristin
• 通讯作者: Houser, Kristin

Shared worlds and shared minds: A theory of collective learning and a psychology of common knowledge.

共享世界和共享思想：集体学习理论和常识心理学。

• DOI: 10.1037/rev0000200
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Psychological Review
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Shteynberg, Garriy;Hirsh, Jacob B.;Bentley, R. Alexander;Garthoff, Jon
• 通讯作者: Garthoff, Jon

Under greater cooperative care, childhood fear is more accommodated, but less warranted

在更大的合作照顾下，童年的恐惧得到了更多的缓解，但没有必要

• DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x22001984
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Behavioral and Brain Sciences
• 影响因子: 29.3
• 作者: Shteynberg, Garriy

Agency and Identity in the Collective Self

• DOI: 10.1177/10888683211065921
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Personality and Social Psychology Review
• 影响因子: 10.8
• 作者: Garriy Shteynberg;Jacob B. Hirsh;Jon Garthoff;R. Bentley