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CAREER: Human motor inhibition: a neural race between motor emission and cognitive control

职业：人类运动抑制：运动发射和认知控制之间的神经竞赛

基本信息

批准号：
1752355
负责人：
Jan Wessel
金额：
$ 75万
依托单位：
University of Iowa
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1752355&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Human motor inhibition neural

项目摘要

The ability to rapidly stop one's actions even after their initiation is paramount to survival in modern society. Be it in benign scenarios (checking the swing of a baseball bat) or in life-threatening scenarios, rapid action-stopping is a core human ability that is highly relevant in everyday life. In this project, Dr. Wessel will use neural recordings and brain stimulation in adult healthy humans to further our understanding of how brain activity underlying motor emission (initiating an action) and motor inhibition (stopping that action) interact during the rapid stopping of action. Elucidating the neural interactions underlying action-stopping will inform our basic understanding of flexible behavior in both health and disease. This is especially relevant since action-stopping is significantly impaired across many neuropsychiatric disorders. During this project, Dr. Wessel will implement an educational opportunity at his institution that aims to provide a first-hand research experience in human neuroscience to first-generation college students, a population that is traditionally underrepresented in basic academic science and the STEM workforce.The ability to stop the execution of an already initiated action is a key cognitive control ability. In prominent theoretical models, stopping is conceptualized as a race between a "go"-process and a separate "stop"-process that races to intercept the go-process. While extensive past research has established that a fronto-basal ganglia brain network implements the "stop" side of this equation, human research has so far fallen short of demonstrating the existence of an actual race between separate stop- and a go-processes in the brain. By combining measurements of intra- / extracranial electroencephalography and cortico-spinal excitability with brain stimulation, the project aims to elucidate neural concomitants of the purported race on all levels of processing (motor, cortical, subcortical). First, a pure neural measurement of the stopping process will be identified by disentangling neural processes that reflect stop-signal detection from those that reflect the stop-process itself. Second, this signature of the stop-process and an according measurement of the go-process will be used to predict behavior based on the trial-by-trial outcome of their neural race. Third, cortical and subcortical nodes of the neural network underlying the stop-process will be disrupted using transcranial magnetic and deep-brain stimulation to test the hypothesis that such disruptions impair motor inhibition specifically by biasing the race towards the "go" process.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在现代社会中，即使在开始行动后也能迅速停止行动的能力对生存至关重要。无论是在良性的情况下（检查棒球棒的摆动）还是在危及生命的情况下，快速停止行动都是与日常生活高度相关的核心人类能力。在这个项目中，Wessel博士将使用成年健康人的神经记录和大脑刺激来进一步了解大脑活动如何在运动发射（启动一个动作）和运动抑制（停止该动作）之间相互作用。阐明行为停止背后的神经相互作用将为我们对健康和疾病中灵活行为的基本理解提供信息。这是特别相关的，因为行动停止在许多神经精神疾病中显著受损。在这个项目中，Wessel博士将在他的机构实施一个教育机会，旨在为第一代大学生提供人类神经科学的第一手研究经验，这一群体在基础学术科学和STEM劳动力中传统上代表性不足。停止执行已经启动的行动的能力是一种关键的认知控制能力。在著名的理论模型中，停止被概念化为一个“前进”过程和一个单独的“停止”过程之间的竞赛，该过程竞相拦截前进过程。虽然过去广泛的研究已经确定了额叶-基底神经节脑网络实现了这个等式的"停止"侧，但人类的研究迄今为止还没有证明大脑中单独的停止过程和前进过程之间存在实际的竞争。通过结合颅内/颅外脑电图和皮质脊髓兴奋性与脑刺激的测量，该项目旨在阐明所有处理水平（运动，皮质，皮质下）的神经伴随物。首先，一个纯粹的神经测量的停止过程将被识别的神经过程，反映停止信号检测从那些反映停止过程本身。第二，停止过程的特征和相应的进行过程的测量将被用来预测基于他们神经竞赛的一次又一次试验结果的行为。第三，皮层和皮层下的神经网络节点的基础上停止过程将被破坏，使用经颅磁刺激和脑深部刺激，以测试的假设，这种中断损害运动抑制，特别是偏向对"去"的过程中的比赛。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准的支持。