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CAREER: Understanding the Coupling between Clouds and Midlatitude Dynamics at Synoptic and Global Scales

职业：了解天气和全球尺度上的云与中纬度动态之间的耦合

基本信息

批准号：
1752900
负责人：
Kevin Grise
金额：
$ 50.58万
依托单位：
University of Virginia Main Campus
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-01 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1752900&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Understanding Coupling between Clouds

项目摘要

The typical pattern of clouds around a mid-latitude cyclone features high clouds east of the center and along the trailing cold front, and low clouds in the cold sector to the west. This general pattern has been known since the 1920s but the role of the clouds in cyclone evolution, and the effects of the cloud pattern on atmospheric circulation and climate, are still under study. The topic is of practical as well as scientific interest as clouds can only be represented in approximate form in current weather and climate models, and cloud errors limit the quality of simulations and forecasts. Results of the work have direct bearing on the quality of weather forecasts and climate projections used to provide guidance to decision makers and the public. In addition, the educational activities supported under this CAREER award advance science teaching at the high school, college, and graduate levels.The research focuses specifically on cloud radiative effects (CREs), meaning the cooling caused by clouds as they reflect shortwave solar radiation back to space and the warming effect when they intercept outgoing longwave radiation emitted by the earth. In the deep clouds found in the eastern sector the longwave and shortwave effects show large cancellation, while shortwave cooling dominates in the low clouds on the western side. Preliminary work by the PI shows that, at least in the Southern Hemisphere, CRE evolves over the lifecycle of the cyclone, forming a north-south dipole during the decay phase with warming on the equatorward side. The north-south CRE dipole in the decaying stage could affect the meridional temperature gradient along the SH storm track, possibly helping to reestablish the meridional temperature contrast after cyclone passage and thus promoting further cyclone activity or influencing the latitude of the upper-level jet stream. The radiative effect of clouds around cyclones could also influence the behavior of low-frequency climate variability and secular climate change, both of which involve latitudinal shifts of jet streams and storm tracks. The work considers the dynamic and thermodynamic controls on the clouds as well as the influence of clouds on the midlatitude circulation. It is conducted through a combination of observational analysis and model simulation.The educational component of the project includes efforts at the high school, college, and graduate level. At the high school level, the PI works with education experts at the Center for Teaching Excellence on the UVA campus, the Environmental Studies Academy (ESA) at Western Albermarle High School, and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). The goal is to develop a teaching module to introduce high school students to the role of clouds in the climate system. The module will be disseminated nationally through the web portal at UCAR. Undergraduate education is promoted through the development of a course on climate modeling and analysis. One issue addressed by the course is the lack of computer skills commonly found among undergraduates, which limits their ability to engage in scientific research. The course involves training in the use of data analysis software and hands-on projects conducted by groups of two to three students. Students from the class are recruited to conduct research in the summers, with emphasis on the recruitment and retention of underrepresented minorities. On the graduate level, the project supports two students who, in addition to their research and classwork, serve as mentors for undergraduate students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

中纬度气旋周围典型的云型特征是中心以东的高云和沿着尾随的冷锋，以及西部冷区的低云。自1920年代以来，人们就已经知道这种模式，但云在气旋演变中的作用以及云模式对大气环流和气候的影响仍在研究中。这一主题具有实际和科学意义，因为在当前的天气和气候模式中，云只能以近似的形式表示，云的误差限制了模拟和预报的质量。这项工作的结果直接关系到为决策者和公众提供指导的天气预报和气候预测的质量。此外，CAREER奖资助的教育活动也促进了高中、大学和研究生阶段的科学教学。该研究特别关注云辐射效应（克雷斯），即云将短波太阳辐射反射回太空时产生的冷却效应，以及云拦截地球发出的长波辐射时产生的变暖效应。在东部的深云中，长波和短波的影响显示出很大的抵消，而短波冷却在西侧的低云中占主导地位。PI的初步工作表明，至少在南半球，CRE在气旋的生命周期中演变，在衰减阶段形成南北偶极子，赤道一侧变暖。衰减阶段的南北CRE偶极子可以影响沿SH风暴轴沿着的纬向温度梯度，可能有助于气旋通过后纬向温度对比的重建，从而促进气旋的进一步活动或影响高空急流的纬度。气旋周围云的辐射效应也可能影响低频气候变率和长期气候变化的行为，这两者都涉及急流和风暴路径的纬向移动。本文考虑了云的动力和热力控制以及云对中纬度环流的影响。它是通过观察分析和模型模拟相结合的方式进行的。该项目的教育部分包括高中、大学和研究生一级的努力。在高中阶段，PI与UVA校园卓越教学中心的教育专家，西阿尔贝尔马尔高中的环境研究学院（ESA）和大学大气研究公司（UCAR）合作。目标是开发一个教学模块，向高中学生介绍云在气候系统中的作用。该单元将通过中非共和国大学的门户网站在全国传播。通过开设气候建模和分析课程促进了本科教育。这门课要解决的一个问题是大学生普遍缺乏计算机技能，这限制了他们从事科学研究的能力。该课程包括使用数据分析软件的培训和由两到三名学生组成的小组进行的实践项目。从类的学生被招募进行研究，在夏季，重点是招聘和保留代表性不足的少数民族。在研究生阶段，该项目支持两名学生，他们除了研究和课堂作业外，还担任本科生的导师。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。