CAREER: The Social Ecology of Relational Mobility

职业：关系流动性的社会生态

• 批准号: 1752941
• 负责人: Joanna Schug
• 金额: $ 57.03万
• 依托单位: College of William and Mary
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1752941&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Social; Ecology; Relational; Mobility

Cultures around the world show remarkable variation in their social behaviors and cognition. People vary in their willingness to trust others, to cooperate across group boundaries, and how they enforce pro-social behaviors in their communities. These cultural differences have major implications for important social outcomes, from individual well-being to the economic prosperity of nations. To develop policies that promote beneficial social outcomes, it is important to understand the mechanisms that drive such differences. This project addresses this challenge by focusing on the nature of social environments, or social ecologies, that vary from culture to culture. One way in which social ecologies vary is in relational mobility, which refers to the opportunities people have to voluntarily enter into and exit from social relationships. Variations in relational mobility are expected to have predictable and important influences on behavior and cognition, helping to account for differences in social behaviors often observed across cultures. By understanding the origin of such cultural differences, societies will be better informed to promote positive and beneficial policies and to reduce harmful and counterproductive social behaviors.The research component of this project has two major parts: The first examines patterns of social interactions in a large-scale study of daily social interactions across cultures. The goal is to determine the extent to which patterns of relational mobility and social interactions coincide with historical and environmental factors, and lead to psychological and behavioral outcomes. The second part of the research component uses experimental approaches to examine whether changes in relational mobility can lead to changes in social behavior within and across cultures. The goal is to uncover the mechanisms by which social ecological factors impact individual behavior. The project also includes an educational component, providing international research opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students in the United States, and helping to establish long-lasting collaborative networks for the next generation of scientists. Contributions of the research and educational components of the project will promote the integration of international and interdisciplinary perspectives, and provide opportunities for social impact by developing tools to promote socially beneficial behavior.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

世界各地的文化在社会行为和认知方面表现出显著的差异。人们在信任他人、跨越群体边界进行合作的意愿以及在社区中实施亲社会行为的方式上各有不同。这些文化差异对从个人福祉到国家经济繁荣的重要社会结果具有重大影响。要制定促进有益社会成果的政策，重要的是要了解推动这种差异的机制。这个项目通过关注社会环境或社会生态的性质来应对这一挑战，这些环境或社会生态因文化而异。社会生态变化的一种方式是关系流动，它指的是人们自愿进入和退出社会关系的机会。关系流动性的变化预计会对行为和认知产生可预测的重要影响，有助于解释跨文化经常观察到的社会行为的差异。通过了解这种文化差异的根源，社会将得到更好的信息，以促进积极和有益的政策，减少有害和适得其反的社会行为。本项目的研究部分包括两个主要部分：第一部分，在一项关于跨文化日常社会互动的大规模研究中，考察社会互动的模式。目标是确定关系流动和社会互动的模式在多大程度上符合历史和环境因素，并导致心理和行为结果。研究部分的第二部分使用实验方法来检验关系流动性的变化是否会导致文化内部和跨文化社会行为的变化。其目标是揭示社会生态因素影响个人行为的机制。该项目还包括一个教育部分，为美国的研究生和本科生提供国际研究机会，并帮助为下一代科学家建立长期的合作网络。该项目的研究和教育部分的贡献将促进国际和跨学科视角的整合，并通过开发工具促进社会有益行为来提供社会影响的机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。