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Light-regulated development in Phytophthora: niche-specific diversification and evolution of the cryptochrome/photolyase superfamily

疫霉菌的光调控发育：隐花色素/光裂合酶超家族的生态位特异性多样化和进化

基本信息

批准号：
1753749
负责人：
Howard Judelson
金额：
$ 78.9万
依托单位：
University of California-Riverside
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-15 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1753749&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Light regulated development Phytophthora niche

项目摘要

Many organisms regulate their growth using environmental signals such as light, humidity, and chemicals. One biological process that is responsive to such cues in microbes is sporulation. This produces spores, which are used for transport to new geographic areas or to survive unfavorable conditions. Many pathogenic microbes also use spores to infect their hosts. This project will examine the role of environmental signals such as light on sporulation, with a focus on a large and economically important group of plant pathogens known as oomycetes. Some of these species make spores upon exposure to light, but light represses spore formation in other species. This project will test the hypothesis that sporulation is regulated by interactions between a specific type of photoreceptor protein and other components of the cell's regulatory machinery, such as those that activate or repress the activity of genes. The project will also explain at a molecular level why different species respond divergently to light. The research also has the potential for a practical return, since knowing what regulates sporulation can lead to the development of inhibitors of sporulation that will protect crops from disease. The project integrates research with education and outreach in communities with high minority demographics.In Phytophthora, a genus of plant pathogenic oomycetes, light stimulates sporulation by root pathogens but represses sporulation by foliar pathogens. This ensures that spores of root-infecting species appear above the soil line so that they can spread to new hosts, and that spores of foliar pathogens appear at night to avoid desiccation or UV damage. The goal of the research is to learn how these divergent responses to light evolved, using the root pathogen P. capsici and the foliar pathogen P. infestans as models. One objective is to use RNA-seq to characterize the effects of light on gene expression in the two species, and identify functional elements within light-induced promoters. A second objective is to study the role of cryptochromes on sporulation. These photoreceptor proteins are distributed widely in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and have been shown to regulate growth, development, and metabolism. Their function in P. capsici and P. infestans will be examined using gene silencing, overexpression, heterologous expression, and protein-protein interaction studies. Having divergent responses to light within a single genus presents a unique opportunity for studying the evolution of an important developmental process. Graduate and undergraduate students will participate in the research, which will be integrated with programs for increasing student success and interest in STEM fields.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

许多生物利用环境信号（如光、湿度和化学物质）来调节其生长。在微生物中，对这些线索作出反应的一个生物过程是孢子形成。这产生孢子，用于运输到新的地理区域或在不利的条件下生存。许多病原微生物也利用孢子感染宿主。该项目将研究环境信号的作用，如光对孢子形成的作用，重点是一个大的和经济上重要的植物病原体组称为卵菌。其中一些物种在暴露于光下时产生孢子，但在其他物种中，光抑制孢子形成。该项目将测试孢子形成是由特定类型的感光蛋白和细胞调节机制的其他组分（如激活或抑制基因活性的组分）之间的相互作用调节的假设。该项目还将在分子水平上解释为什么不同物种对光的反应不同。这项研究也有可能获得实际回报，因为知道是什么调节孢子形成可以导致孢子形成抑制剂的开发，从而保护作物免受疾病的侵害。该项目将研究与教育结合起来，并在少数民族人口较多的社区开展外联活动。在疫霉属（Phytophthora）中，光刺激根部病原体的孢子形成，但抑制叶面病原体的孢子形成。这确保了根部感染物种的孢子出现在土壤线以上，以便它们可以传播到新的宿主，并且叶病原体的孢子在夜间出现，以避免干燥或紫外线伤害。这项研究的目的是了解这些对光的不同反应是如何进化的，使用根病原体辣椒疫霉和叶病原体致病疫霉作为模型。一个目标是使用RNA-seq来表征光对两个物种中基因表达的影响，并确定光诱导启动子内的功能元件。第二个目的是研究隐花色素对孢子形成的作用。这些光感受器蛋白广泛分布于原核生物和真核生物中，并已被证明可调节生长、发育和代谢。将使用基因沉默、过表达、异源表达和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用研究来检查它们在辣椒疫霉和致病疫霉中的功能。在一个单一的属内对光有不同的反应，这为研究一个重要的发育过程的进化提供了一个独特的机会。研究生和本科生将参与这项研究，该研究将与提高学生在STEM领域的成功和兴趣的计划相结合。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。