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SG: RUI: Resilience of mountain lakes across a gradient of glacial retreat and vegetation advance

SG：RUI：跨越冰川退缩和植被推进梯度的高山湖泊的恢复力

基本信息

批准号：
1754181
负责人：
Janet Fischer
金额：
$ 20万
依托单位：
Franklin and Marshall College
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-04-15 至 2024-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754181&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
SG RUI Resilience mountain lakes

项目摘要

Mountain landscapes worldwide, long considered sentinels of environmental change, are changing rapidly as glaciers retreat and vegetation advances upslope. Pristine lakes within those landscapes, especially lakes whose iconic beauty has led to their designation as World Heritage sites, have strong tourist appeal. Yet that beauty is threatened by changes to the clarity of the lake waters. Conservation efforts for these potentially fragile ecosystems would benefit from a predictive understanding of lake responses to global climate change. This research explores the consequences of these landscape-level changes for lake ecosystems. Rather than study a single system over a long time, these researchers will substitute a comparison of lake ecosystems that currently differ in the extent of glacial and vegetation coverage in the catchment. The primary aim of the research is to compare lake responses to rain and snowmelt-driven inputs of materials such as glacial flour, the finely ground rock from glaciers, and dissolved products of organic matter decomposition. Both of these materials have strong effects on the clarity of the water or water transparency, which in turn influences many aspects of lake ecosystem function. Lake responses will be examined using two complementary measurements of ecological resilience: resistance, the magnitude of change in the system following rain or snowmelt events; and recovery, the rate of return to previous conditions. Project findings will deepen the basic scientific understanding of the effects of changing landscapes on lake ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains. Undergraduate students will be engaged in all stages of the research, including planning, data collection, analysis, and publication. Targeted efforts will be made to attract students from diverse backgrounds and experiences. Because water transparency of mountain lakes is a powerful case study through which to communicate ecosystem-level effects of environmental change to a broader audience, a short film describing the research will be produced and distributed.The proposed research will test the overarching hypothesis that changes in the resilience of water transparency occur systematically as lake catchments shift from glaciated to rocky to vegetated states. Specifically, resistance of water transparency is predicted to increase with glacial loss and decrease with vegetation advance. Additionally, recovery rates of water transparency are predicted to increase as the regulator of transparency shifts from suspended rock flour in glacial catchment lakes to dissolved organic matter (DOM) in vegetated catchment lakes. To test these hypotheses, high frequency monitoring buoys equipped with sensors that measure turbidity and the fluorescent component of DOM will be deployed in five lakes that vary across a gradient of glacial and vegetation coverage. Concurrent hydrological data will be used to better understand dynamics of material inputs and their relationships to meteorological data recorded at nearby weather stations. More generally, the research probes the relationship between the two components of resilience by testing whether resistance and recovery change independently as glaciers retreat and vegetation advances. The potential for uncoupled changes in the two components of resilience is a unique and transformative aspect of the research program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

世界各地的山区景观，长期以来被认为是环境变化的哨兵，正在迅速变化，冰川退缩和植被向上蔓延。这些景观中的原始湖泊，特别是其标志性的美丽导致其被指定为世界遗产的湖泊，具有强大的旅游吸引力。然而，这种美丽正受到沃茨清澈度变化的威胁。对这些潜在脆弱生态系统的保护工作将受益于对湖泊对全球气候变化反应的预测性理解。这项研究探讨了这些湖泊生态系统的变化的后果。这些研究人员将取代对湖泊生态系统的比较，而不是对一个单一的系统进行长时间的研究，这些湖泊生态系统目前在流域的冰川和植被覆盖范围方面存在差异。研究的主要目的是比较湖泊对降雨和融雪驱动的材料输入的反应，如冰川粉，冰川的细磨岩石和有机物分解的溶解产物。这两种物质都对水的清澈度或透明度有很大的影响，这反过来又影响湖泊生态系统功能的许多方面。湖泊的反应将使用两个互补的生态恢复力的测量：阻力，在降雨或融雪事件后系统的变化幅度;和恢复，恢复到以前的条件的速度。项目研究结果将加深对落基山脉湖泊生态系统景观变化影响的基本科学认识。本科生将参与研究的各个阶段，包括规划，数据收集，分析和出版。将作出有针对性的努力，以吸引来自不同背景和经验的学生。由于山区湖泊的水透明度是一个强有力的案例研究，通过它向更广泛的受众传达环境变化的生态系统层面的影响，一个短片描述的研究将被制作和分发。拟议的研究将测试的总体假设，即水透明度的弹性发生系统性的变化，从冰川到岩石到植被状态的湖泊集水区的转变。具体而言，水透明度的阻力预计将增加与冰川的损失和减少与植被的进步。此外，水透明度的恢复率预计将增加的透明度调节器从悬浮岩粉在冰川集水湖溶解有机物（DOM）在植被集水湖。为了验证这些假设，将在冰川和植被覆盖梯度不同的五个湖泊中部署配备有测量浊度和DOM荧光成分的传感器的高频监测浮标。将利用同步水文数据更好地了解物质投入的动态及其与附近气象站记录的气象数据的关系。更一般地说，该研究通过测试抵抗力和恢复力是否随着冰川退缩和植被的发展而独立变化，来探索恢复力的两个组成部分之间的关系。复原力的两个组成部分的解耦变化的潜力是该研究计划的一个独特和变革性的方面。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。