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Collaborative Research: Rivers and the carbon cycle: a mechanistic basis for dissolved organic carbon removal

合作研究：河流和碳循环：溶解有机碳去除的机制基础

基本信息

批准号：
1754237
负责人：
Erin Hotchkiss
金额：
$ 9.19万
依托单位：
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-06-01 至 2022-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754237&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Rivers carbon cycle

项目摘要

Streams and rivers are important for the removal of organic matter transported from land as water moves across landscapes. Many questions remain about how organic matter is removed from freshwaters. A key challenge is that not all organic matter is the same. Organic matter dissolved in freshwaters is made up of many different compounds. These compounds range in age, source, and chemical composition, all of which can influence how fast they are processed. To overcome this challenge, researchers will collect real-time sensor data and design field-scale experiments to measure how fast organic matter is removed by streams. The project aims to test hypotheses about what processes control the removal of different types of organic matter from streams and rivers. This is important because organic matter provides energy that supports food webs, and can pollute downstream ecosystems. Organic matter processing can also determine rates of greenhouse emissions from streams and rivers to the atmosphere. This research will also provide valuable opportunities for high school teachers to engage in investigations that will enhance their ability to meet Next-Generation Science standards.What processes drive organic carbon removal in streams, and how does organic carbon removal regulate the degree to which running waters are biological reactors versus exporters of organic carbon? These are key unresolved questions in carbon cycle research. This project will develop a proof-of-concept approach to test the hypothesis that non-additive effects of mixed organic matter sources (i.e. priming) control organic carbon removal in streams. Data products will include estimates of organic carbon turnover distance derived from ecosystem metabolism and stream chemistry, as well as empirical measures of organic carbon removal from ecosystem-level experiments that use single-source and mixed organic carbon additions. Project data and computer source codes will be shared openly via HydroShare and GitHub, respectively. The research will be conducted at Flathead Lake Biological Station and the researchers will partner with the Station?s recently funded SensorSpace, a community facility for construction and testing of novel environmental sensors, as well as a test bed for integrating sensor-based data into Next-Generation Science curricula.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

溪流和河流对去除陆地上的有机物很重要，因为水在陆地上流动。关于有机物质是如何从淡水中去除的，仍然存在许多问题。一个关键的挑战是，并非所有的有机物都是一样的。溶解在淡水中的有机物是由许多不同的化合物组成的。这些化合物的年龄、来源和化学成分各不相同，所有这些都会影响它们被处理的速度。为了克服这一挑战，研究人员将收集实时传感器数据，并设计现场规模的实验，以测量有机物质被河流带走的速度。该项目旨在测试关于控制溪流和河流中不同类型有机物去除的过程的假设。这很重要，因为有机物质提供支持食物网的能量，并可能污染下游生态系统。有机物的处理过程也可以决定溪流和河流向大气排放温室气体的速率。这项研究还将为高中教师提供宝贵的机会，让他们参与调查，提高他们满足下一代科学标准的能力。是什么过程推动了溪流中有机碳的去除，有机碳的去除是如何调节自来水是生物反应器还是有机碳的出口国的程度的？这些都是碳循环研究中尚未解决的关键问题。该项目将开发一种概念验证方法，以测试混合有机物质来源（即底泥）的非加性效应控制溪流中有机碳去除的假设。数据产品将包括来自生态系统代谢和河流化学的有机碳周转距离的估计，以及使用单一来源和混合有机碳添加的生态系统级实验中有机碳去除的经验测量。项目数据和计算机源代码将分别通过HydroShare和GitHub公开共享。研究将在弗拉特黑德湖生物站进行，研究人员将与该站合作。美国宇航局最近资助了SensorSpace，这是一个用于建造和测试新型环境传感器的社区设施，也是一个将基于传感器的数据整合到下一代科学课程中的试验台。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。