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The roles of exaptive and adaptive co-option in eye evolution

解释性和适应性选择在眼睛进化中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
1754331
负责人：
Jeanne Serb
金额：
$ 100万
依托单位：
Iowa State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754331&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
roles exaptive adaptive co option

项目摘要

A basic question in biology asks: Where do new complex traits, such as eyes, come from, and in particular, where do the genes that encode them come from? Despite the many different eye types possessed by animals from jellyfish to humans, the genes affecting how light is transformed into the chemical signals of seeing are similar across eyes. Interestingly, some of these genes necessary for light-sensing in eyes are also found in organs not used for vision. Therefore, it may be that the light-sensing machinery used in eyes came from a non-eye origin. This project looks at how genes can be turned on and off in a new place in the body or at different times during development to generate eyes. In doing so it will help us more generally to understand how organisms can evolve to repurpose their genes to create entirely new organs. The work will produce new genome sequences that can be used by commercial and governmental agencies in aquaculture development for economically important species, like scallops, oysters, and clams. It will also improve 7-12th grade educators' understanding of evolution to help them achieve the Next Generation Science Standards goals. This will be done by training them to better teach molecular evolution, and creating and disseminating novel lesson plans for teaching molecular evolution to high school students. The research will also provide training opportunities in cutting edge fields of genomics and bioinformatics to postdoctoral researchers and undergraduate students. This will increase the skills of the next generation of workers in using DNA-based tools and analyses. Understanding the evolutionary origin of eyes is of great interest to biologists because eyes provide insight into how complex phenotypes can arise through redeployment and elaboration of genetic pathways. Yet, previous studies have not utilized closely related taxa that possess a diversity of eye types. This work will examine five separate origins of eyes in a group of closely related bivalves in the Pteriomorphia. Using a combination of tissue-specific transcriptomes and genome assembly, the researchers will identify genes involved in phototransduction across species spanning the taxonomic and ocular diversity of the Pteriomorphia and analyze these in a phylogenetic framework to understand how changes to either the location or timing of gene expression has played a role in the evolution of pteriomorphian eye type diversity. The work will address the following questions: 1) Are lineages with eyes associated with gene family expansions of the phototransduction pathway members? 2) What is the degree of similarity of the phototransduction genes between the different photoreceptive structures within and among species? and 3) Do eyes acquire their phototransduction pathways using the same evolutionary process or does each eye have a unique evolutionary trajectory to photoreception? This work is the first phylogenetic investigation of eye evolution in bivalves, and builds on the PIs' research, recently available genomic resources, and new data on phototransduction pathway evolution. The project will thus advance knowledge of how sensory systems evolve.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

生物学中的一个基本问题是：新的复杂特征（如眼睛）来自哪里，特别是编码它们的基因来自哪里？尽管从水母到人类的动物拥有许多不同的眼睛类型，但影响光如何转化为视觉化学信号的基因在眼睛中是相似的。有趣的是，眼睛中感光所必需的一些基因也存在于不用于视觉的器官中。因此，眼睛中使用的感光机制可能来自非眼睛起源。该项目着眼于基因如何在身体的新位置或发育过程中的不同时间打开和关闭，以产生眼睛。这样做将有助于我们更普遍地理解生物体如何进化以重新利用其基因来创造全新的器官。这项工作将产生新的基因组序列，可用于商业和政府机构在水产养殖发展的经济重要物种，如扇贝，牡蛎和蛤蜊。它还将提高7- 12年级教育工作者对进化的理解，帮助他们实现下一代科学标准的目标。这将通过培训他们更好地教授分子进化，并为高中生教授分子进化创造和传播新的课程计划来完成。该研究还将为博士后研究人员和本科生提供基因组学和生物信息学前沿领域的培训机会。这将提高下一代工作人员使用基于DNA的工具和分析的技能。了解眼睛的进化起源对生物学家来说非常感兴趣，因为眼睛提供了对复杂表型如何通过遗传途径的重新部署和阐述而产生的见解。然而，以前的研究并没有利用密切相关的类群，拥有多样性的眼睛类型。这项工作将研究五个独立的起源眼睛在一组密切相关的双壳类在Pteriomorphae。使用组织特异性转录组和基因组组装的组合，研究人员将确定跨物种参与光转导的基因，跨越Pteriomorphian的分类学和眼部多样性，并在系统发育框架中分析这些基因，以了解基因表达的位置或时间的变化如何在pteriomorphian眼睛类型多样性的进化中发挥作用。这项工作将解决以下问题：1）有眼睛的谱系与光转导途径成员的基因家族扩张有关吗？2)物种内和物种间不同光感受结构之间的光传导基因的相似程度如何？以及3）眼睛是否使用相同的进化过程获得它们的光转导途径，或者每只眼睛是否具有独特的光感受进化轨迹？这项工作是第一个系统发育研究的眼睛进化的双壳类，并建立在PI的研究，最近可用的基因组资源，和新的数据光转导途径的进化。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。