NNA: LTREB: The Arctic Carbon and Climate (ACCLIMATE) Observatory: Tundra Ecosystem Carbon Balance and Old Carbon Loss as a Consequence of Permafrost Degradation

NNA:LTREB:北极碳与气候 (ACCLIMATE) 观测站:苔原生态系统碳平衡和多年冻土退化造成的旧碳损失

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1754839
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 51.11万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2018-07-01 至 2024-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The future trajectory of Earth's atmosphere depends on the response of land and ocean to a changing environment, especially the potential for substantial sustained carbon release in high latitude regions like the Arctic. A key question in understanding how the Earth system will respond is whether there are tipping points - global carbon cycle surprises - that will make the effects of environmental change such as sea-level rise, extreme weather, droughts, and impacts on agriculture occur faster than currently projected by models. Permafrost carbon, the remnants of plants, microbes, and animals accumulated in perennially frozen Arctic soil over thousands of years, currently holds twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, and could be such a tipping point. Release of just a fraction of this frozen carbon as carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere would significantly increase the rate of future global environmental change. Each additional ton of carbon released from the permafrost region to the atmosphere incurs additional costs to society and presents the challenge of requiring sustained long-term observations to quantify rates and unravel mechanisms in order to forecast change. This project will establish the Arctic Carbon and Climate (ACCLIMATE) permafrost carbon observatory, which will use field observations to measure carbon fluxes, and ecosystem carbon pools in a tundra ecosystem that is undergoing rapid and irreversible change due to regional warming. The project will also include training of a postdoctoral researcher and several undergraduate students, and outreach activities involving high school students and teachers.The Arctic Carbon and Climate (ACCLIMATE) permafrost carbon observatory uses field observations to measure carbon fluxes, carbon isotope ratios, and ecosystem carbon pools in a tundra ecosystem that is undergoing rapid and irreversible change due to regional warming. Permafrost temperature at the Eight Mile Lake research watershed in Interior Alaska has been monitored for several decades starting before permafrost degradation began in the early 1990s. The impact of permafrost degradation on plants, microbes, and ecosystem carbon balance began to be documented in the early 2000s. The overall research plan will answer three focal questions: 1) Does warming and permafrost degradation cause a net release of carbon from the ecosystem to the atmosphere, and how does the magnitude change over years to decades? 2) What proportion of this carbon release is derived from old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil carbon pool, and will this increase as thaw progresses? 3) How does change in surface hydrology interact with thawing to control old carbon losses and the partitioning of carbon dioxide and methane? Carbon measurements, along with other key ecosystem variables collected by this observatory, will be organized for benchmarking regional and Earth System models, and coupled to that process through ongoing synthesis and model inter-comparison activities. These technical activities will be integrated with knowledge-transfer activities that link results to the broader scientific community, as well as to the broader public.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
地球大气的未来轨迹取决于陆地和海洋对不断变化的环境的反应,特别是在北极等高纬度地区大量持续释放碳的潜力。理解地球系统将如何应对的一个关键问题是,是否存在转折点-全球碳循环意外-将使海平面上升、极端天气、干旱和对农业的影响等环境变化的影响发生得比目前模型预测的更快。永久冻土碳是数千年来在常年冰冻的北极土壤中积累的植物、微生物和动物的残留物,目前的碳含量是大气的两倍,可能是这样一个临界点。将这些冻结的碳中的一小部分以二氧化碳和甲烷的形式释放到大气中,将大大加快未来全球环境变化的速度。从永久冻土区释放到大气中的碳每增加一吨,就会给社会带来额外的成本,并提出了一项挑战,即需要持续的长期观测来量化速率和揭示机制,以便预测变化。该项目将建立北极碳和气候(气候)永久冻土碳观测站,该观测站将利用实地观测来测量由于区域变暖而正在经历快速和不可逆转变化的冻土生态系统中的碳通量和生态系统碳库。该项目还将包括对一名博士后研究人员和几名本科生的培训,以及由高中生和教师参与的外联活动。北极碳与气候(适应气候)永久冻土碳观测站使用现场观测来测量由于区域变暖而正在经历快速和不可逆转变化的冻土生态系统中的碳通量、碳同位素比率和生态系统碳库。阿拉斯加州内陆的八里湖研究分水岭的永久冻土温度从1990年代初永久冻土开始退化之前就开始了几十年的监测。本世纪初,多年冻土退化对植物、微生物和生态系统碳平衡的影响开始被记录在案。整个研究计划将回答三个重点问题:1)气候变暖和永久冻土退化是否会导致碳从生态系统向大气净释放,以及在几年到几十年的时间里,碳释放的幅度是如何变化的?2)这种碳释放的多大比例来自构成土壤碳库主体的旧碳,这种比例是否会随着融化的进展而增加?3)地表水文学的变化如何与融化相互作用,以控制旧碳的损失和二氧化碳和甲烷的分配?将组织碳测量以及该观测站收集的其他关键生态系统变量,作为区域和地球系统模型的基准,并通过持续的综合和模型间比较活动与这一进程相结合。这些技术活动将与知识转移活动相结合,将成果与更广泛的科学界以及更广泛的公众联系起来。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Ten new insights in climate science 2020 – a horizon scan
2020 年气候科学的十大新见解 — 地平线扫描
  • DOI:
    10.1017/sus.2021.2
  • 发表时间:
    2021
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.5
  • 作者:
    Pihl, Erik;Alfredsson, Eva;Bengtsson, Magnus;Bowen, Kathryn J.;Cástan Broto, Vanesa;Chou, Kuei Tien;Cleugh, Helen;Ebi, Kristie;Edwards, Clea M.;Fisher, Eleanor
  • 通讯作者:
    Fisher, Eleanor
Abrupt permafrost thaw accelerates carbon dioxide and methane release at a tussock tundra site
永久冻土突然融化加速了草丛苔原地区二氧化碳和甲烷的释放
  • DOI:
    10.1080/15230430.2022.2118639
  • 发表时间:
    2022
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Rodenhizer, Heidi;Belshe, Fay;Celis, Gerardo;Ledman, Justin;Mauritz, Marguerite;Goetz, Scott;Sankey, Temuulen;Schuur, Edward A.G.
  • 通讯作者:
    Schuur, Edward A.G.
FLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands
  • DOI:
    10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021
  • 发表时间:
    2021-07-29
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    11.4
  • 作者:
    Delwiche, Kyle B.;Knox, Sara Helen;Jackson, Robert B.
  • 通讯作者:
    Jackson, Robert B.
Investigating Thaw and Plant Productivity Constraints on Old Soil Carbon Respiration From Permafrost
研究解冻和植物生产力对多年冻土旧土壤碳呼吸的限制
  • DOI:
    10.1029/2020jg006000
  • 发表时间:
    2021
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Mauritz, Marguerite;Pegoraro, Elaine;Ogle, Kiona;Ebert, Christopher;Schuur, Edward A. G.
  • 通讯作者:
    Schuur, Edward A. G.
Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic
  • DOI:
    10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847
  • 发表时间:
    2022-10
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    16.4
  • 作者:
    E. Schuur;Benjamin W. Abbott;R. Commane;J. Ernakovich;E. Euskirchen;G. Hugelius;G. Grosse;Miriam C. Jones
  • 通讯作者:
    E. Schuur;Benjamin W. Abbott;R. Commane;J. Ernakovich;E. Euskirchen;G. Hugelius;G. Grosse;Miriam C. Jones
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Edward Schuur其他文献

Edward Schuur的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Edward Schuur', 18)}}的其他基金

LTREB Renewal: The Arctic Carbon and Climate (ACCLIMATE) Observatory: Tundra Ecosystem Carbon Balance and Old Carbon Loss as a Consequence of Permafrost Degradation
LTREB 更新:北极碳与气候 (ACCLIMATE) 观测站:苔原生态系统碳平衡和多年冻土退化后果造成的旧碳损失
  • 批准号:
    2309467
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 51.11万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: The impact of permafrost thaw on the fate and magnitude of carbon aquatic transport from Arctic tundra soil
博士论文研究:永久冻土融化对北极苔原土壤碳水运输的命运和程度的影响
  • 批准号:
    2310630
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 51.11万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
MRI: Acquisition of equipment for an integrated gas analysis and labeling radiocarbon system with a focus on Arctic carbon and geochronology
MRI:采购集成气体分析和标记放射性碳系统的设备,重点关注北极碳和地质年代学
  • 批准号:
    1919506
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 51.11万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing flux observations for benchmarking model projections of permafrost carbon exchange
合作研究:永久冻土碳网络:综合通量观测结果以用于永久冻土碳交换的基准模型预测
  • 批准号:
    1931333
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 51.11万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Carbon Cycle Changes in a Changing Climate: Using 13C and 14C to Partition Ecosystem Respiration in Tundra Undergoing Permafrost Thaw
论文研究:气候变化中的碳循环变化:利用 13C 和 14C 来划分永久冻土解冻苔原中的生态系统呼吸
  • 批准号:
    1011284
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 51.11万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: RCN: Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon
合作研究:RCN:永久冻土碳的脆弱性
  • 批准号:
    0955713
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 51.11万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Tracking Ecosystem Nitrogen Cycling in Black Spruce Forests with Novel15N Measurements
论文研究:利用新颖的 15N 测量追踪黑云杉森林的生态系统氮循环
  • 批准号:
    0909764
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 51.11万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
CAREER: Experimental Warming, Permafrost Thawing, and the Loss of Old Carbon from Tundra: Radiocarbon Research and Education to Understand Ecosystem Feedbacks to Climate Change
职业:实验变暖、永久冻土融化和苔原旧碳的流失:放射性碳研究和教育,以了解生态系统对气候变化的反馈
  • 批准号:
    0747195
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 51.11万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
The Carbon Balance of Arctic Tundra in Response to Permafrost Thawing: Using Radiocarbon to Detect the Loss of Old Soil Carbon
北极苔原对永久冻土融化的碳平衡:利用放射性碳检测旧土壤碳的损失
  • 批准号:
    0516326
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 51.11万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Climate controls over ecosystem respiration: Using isotopes to determine the sources and age of respired carbon
合作研究:气候对生态系统呼吸的控制:利用同位素确定呼吸碳的来源和年龄
  • 批准号:
    0223193
  • 财政年份:
    2002
  • 资助金额:
    $ 51.11万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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