MRI: Acquisition of equipment for an integrated gas analysis and labeling radiocarbon system with a focus on Arctic carbon and geochronology

MRI：采购集成气体分析和标记放射性碳系统的设备，重点关注北极碳和地质年代学

• 批准号: 1919506
• 负责人: Edward Schuur
• 金额: $ 48.67万
• 依托单位: Northern Arizona University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1919506&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; equipment; integrated; gas

This award supports the acquisition of a radiocarbon system at Northern Arizona University. This system will be used to study modern changes in the carbon cycle and past changes in climate. Radiocarbon (Carbon-14 or 14C) is an isotope of carbon, with six protons and electrons, with two additional neutrons. Radiocarbon acts as a clock due to the constant radioactive decay that occurs as a result of the extra neutrons. Radiocarbon dating is the most widely used scientific tool for determining the timing of events and the rates of changes of Earth, environment and human processes extending back tens of thousands of years. This grant supports purchase of instruments to complete a gas and labeling radiocarbon system that will allow the investigators to gain novel insights into environmental issues in the Arctic. These instruments will be integrated with educational activities that promote training scientists in the application of radiocarbon to ecology and Earth system science.Recognizing the outstanding potential for transformative research, Northern Arizona University (NAU) recently contracted IonPlus for the purchase of a mini accelerator mass spectrometer (Mini Carbon Dating System; MICADAS). This award funds the acquisition of a gas and labeling radiocarbon system including a gas ion source (GIS), which is needed for rapid analysis of very small samples in CO2 gas form, and automated graphite equipment (AGE), which combines sample combustion, purification, and graphitization steps and will be used to isolate samples from low-level labeling experiments and complete an integrated analytical facility. The proposed instrumentation will link novel and developmental applications of radiocarbon to grand challenges in Earth and environmental sciences, with a particular focus on the Arctic. Radiocarbon provides a unique and sensitive fingerprint for tracking changes in the permafrost carbon pool, for understanding feedbacks in the Arctic climate system, and for understanding past climate change. Technological breakthroughs for measuring radiocarbon and the scientific expertise at NAU together are poised to catalyze novel insight into these issues. The NAU PIs, along with a broad suite of collaborators, will explore two major themes of understanding (1) past changes in Arctic climate, and (2) modern changes in Arctic carbon that may feedback to future climate. In addition to this Arctic-focused theme, the instrumentation will facilitate ongoing research across a broad range of sciences including soil carbon dynamics, plant and microbial ecology, fire history, geologic hazards, archaeology, historical ecology and conservation paleobiology. This instrument acquisition will be integrated with educational and knowledge transfer activities that promote training scientists in the application of radiocarbon to ecology and Earth system science. Technological advances such as represented by the integrated radiocarbon system in this grant could help spread the use of radiocarbon, with increases in the variety of applications and in options for preparing samples, and decreases in cost. This requires an expanding pool of educated users, which will be generated by a short course, Radiocarbon in Ecology and Earth System Science, open to graduate students and postdoctoral researchers nationwide. In addition, NAU has a strong commitment to serving rural Arizona, including Native American and Hispanic populations. Existing programs will be leveraged to engage these students, providing lab tours, demonstrations, and opportunities to work in the lab.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项支持在北亚利桑那大学收购放射性碳系统。该系统将用于研究碳循环的现代变化和气候变化。放射性碳（碳-14或14C）是碳的同位素，具有六个质子和电子，还有两个其他中子。由于额外的中子会导致恒定的放射性衰减，因此放射性碳充当时钟。放射性碳年限是确定事件时机以及地球，环境和人类过程的变化速率的最广泛使用的科学工具，延伸了数万年的时间。该赠款支持购买仪器以完成气体和标签放射性碳系统，这将使研究人员能够对北极环境问题获得新的见解。这些工具将与教育活动融合，这些活动将促进培训科学家在应用于生态和地球系统科学中的应用中。认识到北亚利桑那大学（NAU）最近收购了离子Plus，以购买迷你加速器质谱仪（Mini Cocy Carbon Dating System; Micadas; Micadas）。该奖项资助了包括气体源（GIS）的气体和标记放射性碳系统的收购，这是对以CO2气体形式的非常小样品以及自动化的石墨设备（年龄）的快速分析所需的，该样品结合了样品燃烧，纯化，纯化和石墨性步骤，并将用于将样品分离出低级标签的样品和完整的分析。拟议的仪器将将放射性碳的新颖和发展应用与地球和环境科学的宏伟挑战联系起来，并特别关注北极。放射性碳提供了一种独特而敏感的指纹，用于跟踪多年冻土碳池的变化，以了解北极气候系统中的反馈以及了解过去的气候变化。测量放射性碳和NAU的科学专业知识的技术突破有望催化对这些问题的新见解。 NAU PIS以及广泛的合作者将探索两个主要理解主题（1）过去的北极气候变化，以及（2）北极碳的现代变化，可能会反馈到未来的气候。除了以北极为重点的主题外，该仪器还将促进各种科学的研究，包括土壤碳动态，植物和微生物生态学，火灾历史，地质危害，考古学，历史生态学和保护古生物学。该工具的获取将与教育和知识转移活动集成，这些活动在应用放射性碳和地球系统科学方面促进了培训科学家。该赠款中综合放射性碳系统所代表的技术进步可能有助于传播放射性碳的使用，随着应用的种类和准备样品的选择增加，并且成本降低。这需要扩大受过教育的用户库，这将由一个简短的课程，生态和地球系统科学中的放射性碳生成，向研究生和博士后研究人员开放。此外，NAU对服务亚利桑那州农村（包括美洲原住民和西班牙裔人口）有着坚定的承诺。现有的计划将被利用以吸引这些学生，提供实验室旅行，示范和在实验室工作的机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估标准来通过评估来获得支持的。

项目成果

Drivers of legacy soil organic matter decomposition after fire in boreal forests

北方森林火灾后遗留土壤有机质分解的驱动因素

• DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4672
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Ecosphere
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Izbicki, Brian;Walker, Xanthe J.;Baltzer, Jennifer L.;Day, Nicola J.;Ebert, Christopher;Johnstone, Jill F.;Pegoraro, Elaine;Schuur, Edward A. G.;Turetsky, Merritt R.;Mack, Michelle C.
• 通讯作者: Mack, Michelle C.

A Bayesian approach to integrating radiometric dating and varve measurements in intermittently indistinct sediment

贝叶斯方法在间歇性模糊沉积物中整合放射性测年和 varve 测量

• DOI: 10.5194/gchron-4-409-2022
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geochronology
• 作者: Arcusa, Stephanie H.;McKay, Nicholas P.;Wiman, Charlotte;Patterson, Sela;Munoz, Samuel E.;Aquino-López, Marco A.
• 通讯作者: Aquino-López, Marco A.

Investigating Thaw and Plant Productivity Constraints on Old Soil Carbon Respiration From Permafrost

研究解冻和植物生产力对多年冻土旧土壤碳呼吸的限制

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jg006000
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
• 作者: Mauritz, Marguerite;Pegoraro, Elaine;Ogle, Kiona;Ebert, Christopher;Schuur, Edward A. G.
• 通讯作者: Schuur, Edward A. G.

Age variability and decadal time-averaging in oyster reef death assemblages

牡蛎礁死亡组合的年龄变异和年代际平均

• DOI: 10.1130/g50778.1
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Durham, Stephen R.;Dietl, Gregory P.;Hua, Quan;Handley, John C.;Kaufman, Darrell;Clark, Cheryl P.
• 通讯作者: Clark, Cheryl P.

Organic‐Matter Accumulation and Degradation in Holocene Permafrost Deposits Along a Central Alaska Hillslope

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jg007290
• 发表时间: 2023-09
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
• 作者: Leah P. Marshall;Darrell S. Kaufman;R. S. Anderson;N. McKay;E. Schuur