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Selection for general intelligence in carnivores by novel environments

新环境对食肉动物一般智力的选择

基本信息

批准号：
1755089
负责人：
Kay Holekamp
金额：
$ 67.84万
依托单位：
Michigan State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-03-01 至 2025-02-28
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1755089&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Selection general intelligence carnivores novel

项目摘要

Understanding how and why intelligence has evolved in humans and other animals is a grand challenge in biology. Animal intelligence is composed largely of specialized abilities that respond to specific pressures in the environment. However, many recent discoveries suggest that non-specific, general intelligence, similar to IQ in humans, also evolves. Most hypotheses about the evolution of intelligence suggest that general intelligence evolves as a side effect of selection for more specialized cognitive abilities. In contrast, the Cognitive Buffer hypothesis suggests that general intelligence is directly favored by natural selection when animals are coping with novel environments. Urban environments are evolutionarily novel to most animals today, and present them with many new cognitive challenges. This work tests predictions of the Cognitive Buffer Hypothesis by presenting wild spotted hyenas living in rural, urban, and transitional habitats in Africa with a battery of simple tests, much like IQ testing in humans. Performance on each specific task in the test battery will be compared among hyenas in the three habitat types, but a general intelligence measure will also be calculated from the individual test scores, and related to the strength of natural selection acting in each habitat. This work will permit determination of whether or not the strength of selection on general intelligence varies among ancestral, historically urban and rapidly-urbanizing environments. Broader impacts include international training of students, working closely with film crews to create television documentaries, and production of a children's book on hyena research.The evolution of intelligence represents one of the greatest challenges in biology. Animal intelligence is composed largely of specialized abilities evolving in response to specific selection pressures, but recent work suggests that domain-general processes also evolve. The Cognitive Buffer hypothesis posits that general intelligence is favored directly by natural selection to help animals cope with novel environments. Urban environments are evolutionarily novel to most animals, presenting them with many new cognitive challenges. Here, predictions of the Cognitive Buffer hypothesis will be tested in the context of urbanization by presenting a test battery, focusing on seven elementary cognitive abilities, to 175 wild spotted hyenas occupying rural, urban, and transitional habitats in Africa. Performance on each specific task will be compared among the 3 habitat types, but a psychometric factor-analytical approach will also permit statistical derivation of a general intelligence measure, g, for individuals within each habitat type, and elucidation of the structure of hyena intelligence. Because data are available in each habitat on survival and reproduction, the strength of selection on g can be compared among the three different environments. Comparing selection gradients on g among habitat types permits assessment of the strength of directional selection acting on general intelligence in each environment. This work permits determination of whether the strength of selection on g varies among ancestral, historically urban and rapidly-urbanizing environments. Broader impacts include international training of students, working closely with film crews to create television documentaries, and production of a children's book on hyena research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解人类和其他动物的智力是如何以及为什么进化的，是生物学中的一个巨大挑战。动物的智力主要由对环境中特定压力做出反应的特殊能力组成。然而，最近的许多发现表明，非特定的，一般的智力，类似于人类的智商，也会进化。大多数关于智力进化的假设都认为，一般智力的进化是选择更专业的认知能力的副作用。与此相反，认知缓冲假说认为，当动物应对新环境时，自然选择直接青睐一般智力。城市环境对今天的大多数动物来说是进化上的新事物，并给它们带来了许多新的认知挑战。这项工作测试预测的认知缓冲假设提出野生斑点鬣狗生活在农村，城市和过渡栖息地在非洲与电池的简单测试，很像智商测试在人类。测试组合中每项特定任务的表现将在三种栖息地类型的鬣狗之间进行比较，但一般的智力测量也将从个体测试分数中计算出来，并与每个栖息地的自然选择强度有关。这项工作将允许确定选择的力量是否对一般智力不同的祖先，历史上的城市和快速城市化的环境。更广泛的影响包括对学生进行国际培训，与电影摄制组密切合作制作电视纪录片，以及制作一本关于鬣狗研究的儿童读物。智力的进化是生物学中最大的挑战之一。动物的智力主要由专门的能力组成，这些能力是在特定的选择压力下进化而来的，但最近的研究表明，领域一般的过程也会进化。认知缓冲假设认为，一般智力直接受到自然选择的青睐，以帮助动物科普新的环境。城市环境对大多数动物来说是进化上的新事物，给它们带来了许多新的认知挑战。在这里，预测的认知缓冲假设将在城市化的背景下进行测试，提出一个测试电池，专注于七个基本的认知能力，175野生斑点鬣狗占据农村，城市和过渡栖息地在非洲。每个特定任务的表现将在3个栖息地类型之间进行比较，但心理因素分析方法也将允许统计推导的一般智力措施，g，每个栖息地类型内的个人，并阐明鬣狗智力的结构。由于在每个栖息地的生存和繁殖的数据，选择的强度对g可以在三个不同的环境中进行比较。比较选择梯度之间的栖息地类型允许在每个环境中的一般智力的定向选择作用的强度进行评估。这项工作允许确定选择的强度是否在祖先，历史上的城市和快速城市化的环境中变化。更广泛的影响包括学生的国际培训，与电影摄制组密切合作制作电视纪录片，以及制作一本关于鬣狗研究的儿童读物。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（36）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The evolution of matrilineal social systems in fissiped carnivores

裂变食肉动物母系社会系统的演化

DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2018.0065
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
Holekamp, Kay E.;Sawdy, Maggie A.
通讯作者：
Sawdy, Maggie A.

Evaluating drivers of female dominance in the spotted hyena

评估斑鬣狗中雌性优势的驱动因素

DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2022.934659
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
影响因子：
3
作者：
McCormick, S. Kevin;Laubach, Zachary M.;Strauss, Eli D.;Montgomery, Tracy M.;Holekamp, Kay E.
通讯作者：
Holekamp, Kay E.

Juvenile rank acquisition is associated with fitness independent of adult rank

青少年等级获得与健康相关，独立于成人等级