AON: Sustained observation and analysis of the Arctic upper ocean thermohaline stratification
AON:北极上层海洋温盐层结的持续观测和分析
基本信息
- 批准号:1756100
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 479.35万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2018-10-01 至 2024-09-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The Arctic is changing rapidly. Onset of seasonal ice melt is occurring earlier in the year with a later date of fall freeze up. There has been a dramatic reduction in the lateral extent, thickness and age of the sea ice cover. Significant freshening of surface waters has been observed along with warming in several subsurface layers. Additional ocean heat contributes to additional sea ice melting. All of these changes have consequences for the polar ecosystem, earth's climate state and the resilience of near-shore native communities, as well as impact on human use of the high northern latitudes including commercial shipping, natural resource extraction, ecotourism and the accompanying search, rescue and defense activities. Historically, the ice-covered Arctic Ocean has been poorly observed, particularly in winter. The Ice-Tethered Profiler instrument (ITP), developed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 2003-4, is designed to sample the upper Arctic Ocean water properties and sea ice motion in all seasons and transmit those data to shore-side users in real time. The system consists of a surface buoy typically deployed on an ice floe that supports a wire rope tether extending through the ice down to around 800 m depth, and an underwater vehicle that repeatedly crawls up and down the tether carrying sensors that sample sea water properties such as temperature and salinity. To date, approximately 100 ITP systems have been deployed in the Arctic (each operating for 1-3 years) that have collectively returned more than 70,000 observations of Arctic Ocean water properties as well as nearly 150 cumulative years of ice drift data, all contributing to the National Science Foundation's Arctic Observing Network program. These data have been used by researchers and students (so far resulting in approximately 150 published peer-reviewed papers that have directly utilized ITP data, cited research based on ITP observations or otherwise referenced the ITP program) as well as operational agencies the world over. The present research project will continue this activity for a 5-year period as sustained observations are considered vital to documenting and understanding the rapid changes now underway in the Arctic and predicting its future evolution. A three-pronged effort is planned that consists of 1) annual deployment of conventional ITPs, 2) development, testing and then operational deployments of a new instrument, the Tethered Ocean Profiler (TOP) that focuses on the upper 100 200 m of the water column, and 3) scientific analysis of the resulting ITP and TOP data. Initial focus of the latter will be the Arctic surface waters and their interaction with the sea ice. As in the past, data from these autonomous instruments will be publicly distributed via the project website, the Global Telecommunications System network, the Arctic Data Center and the National Center for Environmental Information. Beyond science and engineering, the new project will enhance the ITP website and develop a display for the WHOI Exhibition Center to provide the public with a broader understanding of the research and the exciting engineering now underway, along with the reasons to gather Arctic information during this time of dramatic change.Technically, the new award will support continuation of the WHOI Ice-Tethered Profiler project with similar scope and activity as in recent years. Four standard ITP systems will be built and fielded in each of the first 4 years of the project with real time data recovery, automated processing and distribution. The real-time data from each ITP system will consist of daily (or more frequent) vertical profiles of ocean temperature and salinity at 2-m resolution (as well as the raw data) and hourly or better buoy position fixes from which ice velocity may be derived. Also, as in the past, the recovered data will be edited, calibrated and gridded, with these science-quality products being made publicly available as soon as they are completed. The new Tethered Ocean Profiler development activity will contribute 2 operational TOP systems annually. TOP data handling and distribution will parallel the ITP protocol. Deployments of ITP and TOP buoys will be decided annually in light of available expeditions with the goal (in collaboration with other buoy programs) of sustaining broad spatial coverage of the deep Arctic. Beyond continuing the present data handling, the new project will create and maintain a data base of individual ITP profiles archived by position and time, and develop and support a utilities toolbox to facilitate exploration and analysis of these observations by students/postdocs, fellow scientists, and computer-savvy members of the general public. The envisioned data base will hold individual profile data in netCDF format together with functions written in both Matlab and Python to extract and present data subsets to the user as specified. The archive will be accessible from the ITP program website as well as offered to the national data centers for archival. The initial science topic that will be investigated will focus on the Arctic Ocean surface mixed layer, using a combined dataset from ITPs and manned stations to document mixed layer thickness (using a variety of criteria), temperature and salinity in Arctic geographic subdomains versus time. In turn, these characteristics (and any trends with time) will be assessed relative to surface forcing (air-sea exchange of heat and momentum, sea ice growth and melt) through direct correlation and simple models. Focus will be the period from 2000 to present. Analysis of these new observations by the project Principal Investigators and others will contribute to a better understanding of the extreme changes taking place in the Arctic Ocean and their impacts on earth's climate, the polar ecosystem and human activities in the far north.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
项目成果
期刊论文数量(2)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Polar Ocean Observations: A Critical Gap in the Observing System and Its Effect on Environmental Predictions From Hours to a Season
- DOI:10.3389/fmars.2019.00429
- 发表时间:2019-08
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.7
- 作者:Gregory C. Smith;R. Allard;M. Babin;Laurent Bertino;M. Chevallier;G. Corlett;Julia W. Crout;F. Davidson;B. Delille;S. Gille;D. Hebert;P. Hyder;J. Intrieri;José Lagunas;G. Larnicol;T. Kaminski;B. Kater;F. Kauker;C. Marec;M. Mazloff;E. Metzger;C. Mordy;A. O'carroll;S. Olsen;M. Phelps;P. Posey;P. Prandi;E. Rehm;P. Reid;I. Rigor;S. Sandven;M. Shupe;S. Swart;O. Smedstad;A. Solomon;A. Storto;P. Thibaut;J. Toole;K. Wood;Jiping Xie;Qinghua Yang
- 通讯作者:Gregory C. Smith;R. Allard;M. Babin;Laurent Bertino;M. Chevallier;G. Corlett;Julia W. Crout;F. Davidson;B. Delille;S. Gille;D. Hebert;P. Hyder;J. Intrieri;José Lagunas;G. Larnicol;T. Kaminski;B. Kater;F. Kauker;C. Marec;M. Mazloff;E. Metzger;C. Mordy;A. O'carroll;S. Olsen;M. Phelps;P. Posey;P. Prandi;E. Rehm;P. Reid;I. Rigor;S. Sandven;M. Shupe;S. Swart;O. Smedstad;A. Solomon;A. Storto;P. Thibaut;J. Toole;K. Wood;Jiping Xie;Qinghua Yang
Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Physical oceanography
- DOI:10.1525/elementa.2021.00062
- 发表时间:2022-02-07
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.9
- 作者:Rabe, Benjamin;Heuze, Celine;Zhu, Jialiang
- 通讯作者:Zhu, Jialiang
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John Toole其他文献
Observations of the Upper Ocean from Autonomous Platforms During the Passage of Extratropical Cyclone Epsilon (2020)
温带气旋 Epsilon 通过期间自主平台对上层海洋的观测(2020)
- DOI:
10.5670/oceanog.2024.303 - 发表时间:
2024 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.8
- 作者:
Michael T. Zimmerman;Steven Jayne;Luc Rainville;Craig M. Lee;John Toole;James Edson;Carol Anne Clayon;Alexander Ekholm;Casey Densmore - 通讯作者:
Casey Densmore
John Toole的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('John Toole', 18)}}的其他基金
AON: Sustained observation and study of the rapidly evolving Arctic Ocean environment
AON:对快速变化的北冰洋环境的持续观测和研究
- 批准号:
2314360 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 479.35万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Quantifying internal wave and mesoscale variability using Ocean Observatory Initiative data
使用海洋观测计划数据量化内波和中尺度变化
- 批准号:
1850762 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 479.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Tidal internal waves that propagate along the coast: Determining how they are generated and how far they travel
合作研究:沿着海岸传播的潮汐内波:确定它们是如何产生的以及它们传播的距离
- 批准号:
1756781 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 479.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Development and Field Testing of a Lift-Assisted Moored Profiler: LAMP
提升辅助系泊剖面仪的开发和现场测试:LAMP
- 批准号:
1634736 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 479.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Understanding Arctic System Change Through Synthesis of Hydrographic and Sea Ice Observations from the early 21st Century
合作研究:通过综合 21 世纪初的水文和海冰观测了解北极系统的变化
- 批准号:
1603660 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 479.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution - Oceanographic Instrumentation (Moored Instrumentation to Support Present and Future Field Programs)
伍兹霍尔海洋研究所 - 海洋仪器(支持当前和未来实地计划的系泊仪器)
- 批准号:
1623048 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 479.35万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Completing a 10-Year Record of Deep Western Boundary Current Observations at Line W: A Contribution to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Study
合作研究:完成W线西部深边界流观测10年记录:对大西洋经向翻转环流研究的贡献
- 批准号:
1332667 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 479.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
AON: Observing the Evolving Central Arctic Ocean with Ice-Tethered Profilers
AON:用冰系剖面仪观察不断变化的北冰洋中部
- 批准号:
1303644 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 479.35万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: An Arctic Ocean Sea Surface pCO2 and pH Observing Network
合作研究:北冰洋海面 pCO2 和 pH 观测网络
- 批准号:
1107386 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 479.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Mixing in the Equatorial Thermocline (MIXET)
合作研究:赤道温跃层的混合(MIXET)
- 批准号:
1029678 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 479.35万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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