Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2018-2023

海洋时间序列（HOT）：2018 - 2023对水生和陆地环境的系统性长期（超过几十年）时间序列观测使人们对自然生态系统的变化有了更全面的了解，并评估了人类对生态系统动态的影响。 由于海洋能够储存和输送大量热量，并从大气中吸收二氧化碳，因此，海洋在调节环境条件以促进包括人类在内的陆地和海洋生物的持续福祉方面发挥着至关重要的作用。 尽管重要的海洋过程的科学和社会重要性得到公认，但长期记录却很少。 1988年，建立了两个海洋时间序列方案：一个在北大西洋百慕大附近，另一个在夏威夷附近，称为夏威夷海洋时间序列方案。 在过去的三十年里，夏威夷大学的科学家团队对"我们的海洋状况"进行了重要的测量。“这些长期观察建立了一个基线，可以与未来的状态进行比较。 船基HOT计划补充了其他各种海洋观测计划，包括通过卫星、系泊浮标、剖面浮标和自主水下航行器进行遥感。 所有HOT计划数据都是公开的，并经常被世界各地的研究人员和政策制定者使用。 教育、推广和培训将继续在HOT计划中发挥突出作用。 HOT为来自夏威夷和世界各地的高中、本科、研究生和博士后学生和教师提供了一个独特的教学和学习平台。 频繁的巡航为学生提供了获得第一手海洋研究的机会。 此外，HOT是一种社区资源，有助于支持世界各地众多科学家的努力，他们依靠该计划的基础设施（船舶时间，人员，实验室，设备）进行自己的研究，教育和推广活动。 HOT程序数据也被广泛用于课堂，并出现在海洋科学教科书中。 这些持续的、跨学科的测量对于验证试图预测全球环境变化及其对社会的影响的模型至关重要。HOT的科学使命是研究碳（C）和相关生物元素循环的时间动力学，并观察水文和生态特性、热通量和北太平洋副热带环流（NPSG）环流的变化，地球上最大的生物群落之一 拟议的研究将依赖于每年10次为期5天的单独考察中进行的船上测量和现场阵列部署、远程操作车辆队的观测、近连续的系泊平台测量和深系泊沉积物收集器。 这些不同的观测模式，与现有的HOT数据库相结合，将记录从昼夜到十年的时间尺度上海洋特性和过程的变化。 该项目保持了评估海洋碳和营养库及通量、浮游生物群落结构、生态系统生产力和水柱固有光学特性所需的高质量海洋地球化学和物理测量套件。 将项目观测的时间延长五年，提高了数据集的价值，有助于解读低频自然和人为信号如何影响NPSG中的生态系统结构。HOT站点是世界上仅有的几个定期进行持续的海气二氧化碳通量、初级生产、输出通量、上层海洋物理数据和气象观测的站点之一。 这些努力继续帮助正在进行的建模工作，预测未来栖息地扰动如何可能影响NPSG中的生态系统动态，并对试图预测全球环境变化及其对社会的影响的模型的验证至关重要。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

ABSTRACTHawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2018-2023Systematic long-term (greater than a few decades in length) time-series observations of aquatic and terrestrial environments have led to a more comprehensive understanding of the natural ecosystem variability and have enabled an assessment of human impacts on ecosystem dynamics. Because of their ability to store and transport large amounts of heat and to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, the world's oceans play a critical role in modulating environmental conditions for the sustained well-being of both land-based and marine organisms including humans. Despite their recognized scientific and societal importance, long-term records of key ocean processes are rare. In 1988, two ocean time-series programs were established: one in the North Atlantic near Bermuda and the other, the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program, near Hawaii. For the past three decades, teams of scientists based at the University of Hawaii have made critical measurements of the 'state of our sea.' These long-term observations have established a baseline against which future states can be compared. The ship-based HOT program complements other diverse ocean observation programs including remote-sensing via satellites, moored buoys, profiling floats, and autonomous underwater vehicles. All HOT program data are publicly available and are frequently used by researchers and policy makers around the world. Education, outreach, and training will continue to play prominent roles in the HOT program. HOT provides a unique teaching and learning platform for high school, undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral students and teachers from Hawaii and around the world. The frequent cruises provide opportunities for students to gain first-hand exposure to ocean research. In addition, HOT is a community resource that helps to support the efforts of numerous scientists worldwide who rely on the program's infrastructure (ship time, staff, laboratories, equipment) to conduct their own research, education, and outreach activities. HOT program data are also widely used in classrooms and appear in textbooks on ocean science. These sustained, interdisciplinary measurements are crucial for the validation of models that seek to predict global environmental change and its impact on society.The scientific mission of HOT is to investigate temporal dynamics in the cycling of carbon (C) and associated bioelements, and to observe the variability of hydrographical and ecological properties, heat fluxes, and circulation of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), one of the largest biomes on Earth. The proposed research will rely on shipboard measurements and deployments of in situ arrays conducted on 10 separate 5-day expeditions per annum, observations from a fleet of remotely operated vehicles, near-continuous moored platform measurements, and deep-moored sediment traps. These diverse modes of observation, in conjunction with the extant HOT database, will document variability in ocean properties and processes over time scales ranging from diel to decadal. This project maintains the high quality suite of biogeochemical and physical measurements required for the assessment of ocean C and nutrient pools and fluxes, plankton community structure, ecosystem productivity, and inherent optical properties of the water column. Extending the length of program observations by an additional five years improves the value of the data sets for deciphering how low-frequency natural and anthropogenic signals influence ecosystem structure in the NPSG. The HOT site is one of only a few in the world where sustained air-sea carbon dioxide flux, primary production, export fluxes, upper ocean physical data, and meteorological observations are routinely made. Such efforts continue to aid on-going modeling efforts required for predicting how future habitat perturbations may influence ecosystem dynamics in the NPSG and are crucial for the validation of models that seek to predict global environmental change and its impact on society.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.