Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2018-2023

海洋时间序列（HOT）： 2018-2023对水生和陆地环境的系统长期（长度大于几十年）时间序列观测使人们对自然生态系统的变异性有了更全面的了解，并使评估人类对生态系统动力学的影响成为可能。世界海洋具有储存和运输大量热量以及从大气中吸收二氧化碳的能力，因此在调节环境条件方面发挥着关键作用，有利于包括人类在内的陆基和海洋生物的持续福祉。尽管重要的海洋过程具有公认的科学和社会重要性，但它们的长期记录却很少。1988年，建立了两个海洋时间序列项目：一个在北大西洋百慕大附近，另一个在夏威夷附近，夏威夷海洋时间序列（HOT）项目。在过去的三十年里，夏威夷大学的科学家团队对“我们的海洋状况”进行了重要的测量。这些长期观察建立了一个基线，未来的状态可以与之比较。舰载HOT项目补充了其他不同的海洋观测项目，包括通过卫星、系泊浮标、剖面浮标和自主水下航行器进行遥感。所有的HOT项目数据都是公开的，并且经常被世界各地的研究人员和政策制定者使用。教育、推广和培训将继续在HOT项目中发挥重要作用。HOT为来自夏威夷和世界各地的高中生、本科生、研究生和博士后学生和教师提供了一个独特的教学平台。频繁的巡游为学生提供了第一手接触海洋研究的机会。此外，HOT是一个社区资源，帮助支持世界各地依赖该计划基础设施（船舶时间、工作人员、实验室、设备）进行自己的研究、教育和推广活动的众多科学家的努力。HOT项目数据也广泛应用于课堂，并出现在海洋科学教科书中。这些持续的跨学科测量对于试图预测全球环境变化及其对社会影响的模型的验证至关重要。HOT的科学任务是研究地球上最大的生物群落之一北太平洋副热带环流（NPSG）的水文和生态特性、热通量和环流的变化，以及碳(C)和相关生物元素循环的时间动态。拟议的研究将依赖于每年10次单独的5天探险，船上测量和现场阵列的部署，远程操作船队的观测，近连续的系泊平台测量和深系泊沉积物陷阱。这些不同的观测模式，结合现有的HOT数据库，将记录海洋性质和过程在从日至年的时间尺度上的变化。该项目保持了一套高质量的生物地球化学和物理测量，以评估海洋C和营养池和通量、浮游生物群落结构、生态系统生产力和水柱的固有光学特性。将项目观测的长度再延长5年，将提高数据集的价值，用于破译低频自然和人为信号如何影响NPSG的生态系统结构。HOT站点是世界上为数不多的定期进行持续的海气二氧化碳通量、初级生产通量、出口通量、上层海洋物理数据和气象观测的站点之一。这些努力继续有助于预测未来栖息地扰动如何影响NPSG生态系统动态所需的持续建模工作，并且对于寻求预测全球环境变化及其对社会影响的模型的验证至关重要。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

ABSTRACTHawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2018-2023Systematic long-term (greater than a few decades in length) time-series observations of aquatic and terrestrial environments have led to a more comprehensive understanding of the natural ecosystem variability and have enabled an assessment of human impacts on ecosystem dynamics. Because of their ability to store and transport large amounts of heat and to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, the world's oceans play a critical role in modulating environmental conditions for the sustained well-being of both land-based and marine organisms including humans. Despite their recognized scientific and societal importance, long-term records of key ocean processes are rare. In 1988, two ocean time-series programs were established: one in the North Atlantic near Bermuda and the other, the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program, near Hawaii. For the past three decades, teams of scientists based at the University of Hawaii have made critical measurements of the 'state of our sea.' These long-term observations have established a baseline against which future states can be compared. The ship-based HOT program complements other diverse ocean observation programs including remote-sensing via satellites, moored buoys, profiling floats, and autonomous underwater vehicles. All HOT program data are publicly available and are frequently used by researchers and policy makers around the world. Education, outreach, and training will continue to play prominent roles in the HOT program. HOT provides a unique teaching and learning platform for high school, undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral students and teachers from Hawaii and around the world. The frequent cruises provide opportunities for students to gain first-hand exposure to ocean research. In addition, HOT is a community resource that helps to support the efforts of numerous scientists worldwide who rely on the program's infrastructure (ship time, staff, laboratories, equipment) to conduct their own research, education, and outreach activities. HOT program data are also widely used in classrooms and appear in textbooks on ocean science. These sustained, interdisciplinary measurements are crucial for the validation of models that seek to predict global environmental change and its impact on society.The scientific mission of HOT is to investigate temporal dynamics in the cycling of carbon (C) and associated bioelements, and to observe the variability of hydrographical and ecological properties, heat fluxes, and circulation of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), one of the largest biomes on Earth. The proposed research will rely on shipboard measurements and deployments of in situ arrays conducted on 10 separate 5-day expeditions per annum, observations from a fleet of remotely operated vehicles, near-continuous moored platform measurements, and deep-moored sediment traps. These diverse modes of observation, in conjunction with the extant HOT database, will document variability in ocean properties and processes over time scales ranging from diel to decadal. This project maintains the high quality suite of biogeochemical and physical measurements required for the assessment of ocean C and nutrient pools and fluxes, plankton community structure, ecosystem productivity, and inherent optical properties of the water column. Extending the length of program observations by an additional five years improves the value of the data sets for deciphering how low-frequency natural and anthropogenic signals influence ecosystem structure in the NPSG. The HOT site is one of only a few in the world where sustained air-sea carbon dioxide flux, primary production, export fluxes, upper ocean physical data, and meteorological observations are routinely made. Such efforts continue to aid on-going modeling efforts required for predicting how future habitat perturbations may influence ecosystem dynamics in the NPSG and are crucial for the validation of models that seek to predict global environmental change and its impact on society.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.