Hawaii Ocean Time-series -- Life Aquatic in the Volcanic Aftermath (HOT-LAVA), RAPID Response Research to the 2018 Kilauea Eruption

基拉韦厄火山于2018年5月开始喷发。该项目将开展快速反应工作，以了解火山灰中的铁和磷如何作为海洋生态系统的肥料。研究人员建议对卡波霍湾以东和山顶以西（顺风）的地区进行海洋学考察，以收集样本并进行实验，从而更全面地了解2018年基拉韦厄火山爆发的海洋地球化学。该项目将补充国家科学基金会支持的夏威夷海洋时间序列（HOT）站ALOHA正在进行的长期观测。 基拉韦厄的爆发不仅仅是一次重大的地质事件。这是一个地方和全球社会关注的问题，引起了极大的兴趣和新闻报道。研究人员计划让公众参与陆地和海洋的相互作用，并更广泛地希望促进对科学的更好理解。这将通过公共电台和其他新闻媒体的采访，通过博客和基于网络的关于探险的信息，以及通过出版和传播通过这项研究获得的知识来实现。拟议的研究将包括：（1）对火山灰羽流轨迹、扩散和沉积进行卫星观测，（2）对收集到的火山灰样本进行分析，并进行火山灰-海水沥滤和培养研究，以确定模拟火山灰沉积对各种微生物速率和过程的影响，（3）在卡波霍湾附近的熔岩-海水接触带和夏威夷岛以西的哈莱马乌玛乌下风处的火山灰沉积区进行实地观察和样品采集，以及（4）部署一个自主的长期（3个月）实验，包括一个波浪滑翔机和一个海上滑翔机以协调的方式工作，以记录随着时间的推移生态系统对更大空间和更长时间尺度上的火山灰的湿沉积和干沉积作出反应的过程。该地区将在初步调查后约2-3个月重新访问，以获得第二组观察结果并回收自动驾驶车辆。孵化实验也将在HOT计划的ALOHA站进行，NSF在过去三十年中支持了评估海洋变化的基准点。根据在ALOHA站的长期观测，研究人员已经建立了铁和磷动力学之间不可分割的联系，以及对固氮和颗粒输出的控制。对微生物群落对基拉韦厄火山爆发的反应的研究将提高对ALOHA站海洋过程的理解，并为贫营养的北太平洋建立更好的碳循环模型。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Kilauea volcano began an eruption in May 2018. This project would mount a rapid response effort to understand how iron and phosphorus in the volcanic ash acts as fertilizer for ocean ecosystems. The investigators propose to conduct an oceanographic expedition to the regions east of Kapoho Bay and west (downwind) of the summit to collect samples and conduct experiments that will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the marine biogeochemistry of the 2018 Kilauea eruption. This project will complement the ongoing long-term observations at the NSF-supported Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) Station ALOHA. The eruption of Kilauea is much more than a major geological event. It is an issue of local and global societal interest and has attracted significant interest and press coverage. The investigators plan to engage the public about the interactions of land and sea, and more broadly hope to promote a greater understanding of science. This will be achieved through interviews for public radio and other news outlets, through blogs and web-based information about the expedition, and by the publication and dissemination of knowledge gained through this study. The proposed study will include: (1) satellite-based observations of ash plume trajectories, dispersion, and deposition, (2) analysis of collected ash samples, and ash-seawater leaching and incubation studies to determine the effects of simulated ash deposition on a variety of microbial rates and processes, (3) field observations and sample collections at the lava-seawater contact zone near Kapoho Bay and in the ash deposition region downwind of Halema'uma'u, west of the island of Hawaii, and (4) deployment of an autonomous long-term (3-month) experiment consisting of a Wave Glider and a Seaglider working in a coordinated manner to record processes that occur over time as the ecosystem responds to the wet and dry deposition of volcanic ash over larger spatial and longer temporal scales. The region will be revisited approximately 2-3 months after the initial survey to obtain a second set of observations and to recover the autonomous vehicles. Incubation experiments will also be conducted at the HOT program Station ALOHA where NSF has supported a benchmark site for assessing ocean variability over the past three decades. Based on the long-term observations at Station ALOHA, the investigators have established an inextricable linkage between iron and phosphorus dynamics, and the controls on nitrogen fixation and particle export. Studies of the response of microbial communities to the Kilauea eruption will improve understanding of oceanic processes at Station ALOHA and lead to better carbon cycle models for the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.