Hawaii Ocean Time-series -- Life Aquatic in the Volcanic Aftermath (HOT-LAVA), RAPID Response Research to the 2018 Kilauea Eruption

基拉韦厄火山于2018年5月开始喷发。该项目将启动一项快速反应工作，以了解火山灰中的铁和磷如何作为海洋生态系统的肥料。研究人员建议对卡波霍湾以东和山顶以西（下风）地区进行海洋考察，收集样本并进行实验，从而更全面地了解2018年基拉韦厄火山喷发的海洋生物地球化学。该项目将补充美国国家科学基金会支持的夏威夷海洋时间序列（HOT）站ALOHA正在进行的长期观测。基拉韦厄火山的喷发不仅仅是一次重大的地质事件。这是当地和全球社会关注的一个问题，引起了极大的兴趣和新闻报道。研究人员计划让公众了解陆地和海洋的相互作用，并更广泛地希望促进对科学的更好理解。这将通过公共广播电台和其他新闻媒体的采访，通过博客和基于网络的探险信息，以及通过这项研究获得的知识的出版和传播来实现。建议的研究将包括：(1)基于卫星的火山灰羽流轨迹、扩散和沉积观测；(2)收集到的火山灰样本分析，以及火山灰-海水浸出和孵化研究，以确定模拟火山灰沉积对各种微生物率和过程的影响；(3)在Kapoho湾附近的熔岩-海水接触区和夏威夷岛以西Halema'uma'u顺风的火山灰沉积区进行实地观测和样品采集；(4)部署一个自主的长期（3个月）实验，由一个波浪滑翔机和一个滑翔机协调工作，记录生态系统在更大的空间和更长的时间尺度上对火山灰的干湿沉积的反应过程。该地区将在初步调查后大约2-3个月重新进行调查，以获得第二组观察结果并恢复自动驾驶汽车。孵化实验也将在热项目站ALOHA进行，美国国家科学基金会在过去三十年中支持了一个评估海洋变化的基准站点。在ALOHA站的长期观测基础上，研究人员建立了铁磷动力学与固氮和颗粒输出控制之间不可分割的联系。研究微生物群落对基拉韦厄火山喷发的响应将提高对ALOHA站海洋过程的理解，并为北太平洋的贫营养提供更好的碳循环模型。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Kilauea volcano began an eruption in May 2018. This project would mount a rapid response effort to understand how iron and phosphorus in the volcanic ash acts as fertilizer for ocean ecosystems. The investigators propose to conduct an oceanographic expedition to the regions east of Kapoho Bay and west (downwind) of the summit to collect samples and conduct experiments that will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the marine biogeochemistry of the 2018 Kilauea eruption. This project will complement the ongoing long-term observations at the NSF-supported Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) Station ALOHA. The eruption of Kilauea is much more than a major geological event. It is an issue of local and global societal interest and has attracted significant interest and press coverage. The investigators plan to engage the public about the interactions of land and sea, and more broadly hope to promote a greater understanding of science. This will be achieved through interviews for public radio and other news outlets, through blogs and web-based information about the expedition, and by the publication and dissemination of knowledge gained through this study. The proposed study will include: (1) satellite-based observations of ash plume trajectories, dispersion, and deposition, (2) analysis of collected ash samples, and ash-seawater leaching and incubation studies to determine the effects of simulated ash deposition on a variety of microbial rates and processes, (3) field observations and sample collections at the lava-seawater contact zone near Kapoho Bay and in the ash deposition region downwind of Halema'uma'u, west of the island of Hawaii, and (4) deployment of an autonomous long-term (3-month) experiment consisting of a Wave Glider and a Seaglider working in a coordinated manner to record processes that occur over time as the ecosystem responds to the wet and dry deposition of volcanic ash over larger spatial and longer temporal scales. The region will be revisited approximately 2-3 months after the initial survey to obtain a second set of observations and to recover the autonomous vehicles. Incubation experiments will also be conducted at the HOT program Station ALOHA where NSF has supported a benchmark site for assessing ocean variability over the past three decades. Based on the long-term observations at Station ALOHA, the investigators have established an inextricable linkage between iron and phosphorus dynamics, and the controls on nitrogen fixation and particle export. Studies of the response of microbial communities to the Kilauea eruption will improve understanding of oceanic processes at Station ALOHA and lead to better carbon cycle models for the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.